喷水推进轴流泵的水力设计与空化特性分析  

Design and Cavitation Characteristics of Water-jet Axial Flow Pumps

作　　者：包恒亮 李臣[1] 李普泽 BAO Heng-liang;LI Chen;LI Pu-ze(Jiangsu Maritime Institute,Nanjing 211170,China;Dalian Marine Propeller Co.,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海事职业技术学院,南京211170 [2]大连船舶推进器有限公司,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《船舶力学》2023年第6期848-864,共17页Journal of Ship Mechanics

基　　金：江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(20KJB580010);江苏海事职业技术学院科创基金(kjcx-1907);江苏海事职业技术学院千帆新锐项目(014070)。

摘　　要：基于先进的叶片设计方法,本文采用NREC软件对喷水推进轴流泵(包括一排动叶和一排静叶)进行模型设计,进而采用标准k-ε湍流模型和混合多相流模型对其空化特性进行数值模拟,并借助“Schnerr Sauer”空化模型来探究空化导致扬程下降的机理。结果表明,随着有效汽蚀余量的减小,空化首先发生在叶轮进口端附近,然后向叶轮出口端、轮毂及相邻叶片方向扩展,其水汽混合混乱,反向回流而产生旋涡。另外,本文还研究了与泵内流场非线性耦合的叶片几何参数(叶片安装角、叶片拱度和叶片厚度等)对空化的影响规律。结果表明,叶片安装角减小或叶片拱度增加,空化面积将随之减小,这提高了喷水推进泵的抗空化能力,而叶片厚度对其性能影响不大。Based on the advanced blade design method,a water-jet axial flow pump(including a row of rotors and a row of stators)is designed by concept NREC software,and the cavitation characteristics are simulated to explore the development process of vacuoles with the standard k-εturbulence model and the mixture multiphase flow model.The‘Schnerr Sauer’cavitation model is used to explore the mechanism of cavitation causing the decline of the head.The results show that as the effective NPSH decreases,cavitation first occurs near the tip of the impeller inlet,then expands toward the impeller exit side,the hub and the adjacent blade,where the water-vapor mixed fluid becomes chaotic,and the vortex appears due to a reverse drainage.In addition,the influence of blade geometry parameters(blade angle,camber and blade thickness)which are related to the flow field in the pump where non⁃linear coupling occurs on cavitation is studied.The results show that the decrease of the blade angle or the increase of the camber will decrease the cavitation area,improving the anti-cavitation ability of the water-jet pump while blade thickness has little effect on the performance.

关 键 词：喷水推进轴流泵 空化特性 叶片几何参数 

分 类 号：TH312[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]