日本核污水排海行为国际诉讼下的法律适用与解释  

Legal Application and Explanation over Japan’s ALPS-Treated Water Discharge under International Lawsuit

作　　者：戴宗翰[1] CHEN Cong DAI Tsung Han;CHEN Cong(Law School of Shandong University,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2023年第1期1-38,共38页China Oceans Law Review

摘　　要：本文以对日本核污水排海行为提出国际诉讼作为基本假设,思考承审法院在程序审阶段选择《国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案》(以下简称“《责任草案》”)作为适用法的可行性,以及实体审阶段中有关的法律规则引用与法逻辑论证问题。研究发现《责任草案》不但对日本有拘束力效果,且有利于法院管辖权受理的正当性及控告方诉讼策略。在日本违法性的法律解释及推论上,本文尝试回答三个问题:日本东京电力公司执行核污水排海行为是否属于国家行为?第该国家行为是否违背某一对日本有效且应遵循的国际义务?日本违背国际义务是否带来相应的国家责任而须承担赔偿义务?三个问题皆获得肯定推论。因此,中国、俄罗斯、韩国等周边国家作为潜在受害国,当然有权利以日本明显违背《联合国海洋法公约》第235条第1款有关履行保护和保全海洋环境的“国际义务”并承担相应“国际法责任”为诉求,援引《责任草案》规定来追究日本政府国家责任及承担赔偿义务。This paper formulates a hypothesis which is to propose filing an international lawsuit regarding Japan’s act of discharging ALPS-treated water into the sea,and aims to consider the possibility for the Court to apply Draft Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts(the Draft Articles on Responsibility)in the stages of“proceedings”and figure out relevant legal explanation in the stage of“substantive”judicial review.This paper asserts to apply the Draft Articles on Responsibility as common trial standards in this case,not only has a legal-binding effect on Japan but also favors the jurisdiction and admissibility of the Court and the applicant’s lawsuit strategically against Japan.To demonstrate the illegality of Japan via legal explanation and relevant inference,the Author tries to answer 3 questions as follows:Could Tokyo Electric Power Company’s discharge of ALPS-treated water into the sea be attributed to an act of State?Does such a State act breach the international obligation that should be both bound and obeyed by Japan?Whether the breach of an international obligation comes with corresponding State responsibility and should bear the obligation of reparation by Japan?The mentioned 3 questions all secured positive answers by inference in this paper.Since the surrounding States of China,Russia and South Korea as potentially injured State surely has the right to appeal against Japan’s obviously illegal act that breaches Article 235(1)of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regarding the international obligation of protection and preservation of the marine environment,and request to bear with corresponding international responsibility base on the articles stipulated by the Draft Articles on Responsibility as well.

关 键 词：适用法 《联合国海洋法公约》 《国家对国际不法行为的责任条款草案》 核污水排海 海洋环境污染 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D996.9[政治法律—法学] X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程]