海洋生态文明理念下的人为海洋噪音治理  

On the Governance of Anthropogenic Ocean Noise Under the Concept of Marine Ecological Civilization

作　　者：游启明 CHEN Cong YOU Qiming;CHEN Cong(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Ocean University;不详)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学经济与管理学院 [2]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2023年第1期81-121,共41页China Oceans Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘中建南事件’后越南南海政策新变化、趋势及应对研究”(项目编号:20CGJ047);浙江省教育厅2021年度一般项目“全球海洋治理的‘中国话语’构建研究”(项目编号:Y202147652)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类活动不可避免地对海洋造成噪音污染,危害海洋动物活动及种群健康,对海洋生态产生消极影响。各国应秉持海洋生态文明的道义立场,治理人为海洋噪音:在治理目标上,应坚持利用与保护并重原则,构建“人海和谐”的双赢关系;在治理态度上,应坚守预防性原则,审慎利用海洋,避免对海洋造成不可修复的危害;在治理方式上,应坚定协同原则,构建“蓝色伙伴”治理主体网络,统筹“政府”与“市场”两种治理方式,树立全过程治理思维。各国应从完善人为海洋噪音治理的制度框架、加强人为海洋噪音相关科学研究、探索海洋生态保护区治理模式三方面出发,合作推进人为海洋噪音的治理进程。中国可从提升公众海洋生态文明意识、完善国内人为海洋噪音治理法律与制度、强化涉海科学研究、总结海上国家公园与海洋生态文明示范区建设经验三方面着手,积极参与人为海洋噪音治理进程,彰显负责任的海洋强国风范。Various human activities,whether intentional or unintentional,generate noise pollution in the ocean,which poses a threat to the growth,physiology,behavior,and population health of marine animals,ultimately leading to negative impacts on the marine ecosystem.In this context,all nations should uphold the moral stance of marine ecological civilization to effectively govern anthropogenic ocean noise.We should prioritize the principle of equal importance to utilization and protection in governance objectives,and strive to establish a mutually beneficial relationship between humans and the ocean in harmony.We should adopt a precautionary principle in governance attitudes and use the ocean prudently to prevent any irreparable harm.We should also firmly adhere to the principle of synergy in governance methods to build a network of blue governance partners,coordinate incentives and regulations,and establish a whole-process governance thinking.To promote the governance of anthropogenic ocean noise,countries should collaborate on three aspects:Actively improving the institutional framework for the governance of anthropogenic ocean noise,deepening scientific research on ocean noise related issues,and exploring the governance model of marine ecological reserves.On China’s part,we can take proactive steps to raise public awareness of marine ecological civilization,improve domestic laws and systems for managing ocean noise,intensify scientific research on the sea,and consolidate the experience gained from constructing marine national parks and ecological civilization demonstration zones.By actively engaging in the governance of anthropogenic marine noise,China can demonstrate its responsibility as a marine power.

关 键 词：人为海洋噪音 海洋生态文明 海洋治理 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D993.5[政治法律—经济法学] X593[政治法律—国际法学]