天然产物作为除草剂安全剂的研究进展  

Research progress of natural products as herbicide safeners

作　　者：邓希乐[1] 邓亚男 吴昌炅 DENG Xile;DENG Yanan;WU Changjiong(Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Weeds,Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院湖南省农业生物技术研究所杂草生物学及安全防控湖南省重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《农药学学报》2023年第3期513-524,共12页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32102261);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ20031);湖南省农业科技创新资金(2021CX90);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代产业技术体系(CARS-16-E19)。

摘　　要：除草剂药害是除草剂实际使用过程中难以回避的问题,解决除草剂药害问题最为直接且有效的方法是使用除草剂安全剂。除草剂安全剂是一类选择性保护作物免受除草剂药害而不影响除草剂对靶标杂草除草活性的农用化学品。目前已发现一些商品化安全剂在长期使用过程中对农业生态环境存在一定风险。天然产物除草剂安全剂是来源于动植物及微生物体内的内源性化合物,由于其结构新颖且对生态环境相对友好,因此以其为除草剂安全剂有望解决商品化安全剂对环境存在潜在风险的问题。本文综述了以天然产物作为除草剂安全剂在发掘方法、结构与种类、缓解除草剂对作物药害效果等方面的研究进展,归纳了现有天然产物安全剂保护作物免受除草剂药害的作用机理;总结和展望了天然产物安全剂在田间推广应用的局限性以及今后的研究方向,可为该类安全剂在防范除草剂药害的实际应用以及相应产品的研发提供指导。Herbicide injury is an unavoidable issue in the general use of herbicides.The most direct and effective approach to solve the problem of herbicide injury is to apply herbicide safeners.Herbicide safeners are a variety of agricultural chemicals that selectively protect crops from herbicide damage,without affecting herbicidal efficacy to target weeds.Commercial safeners were found to cause some risks to the agricultural ecological environment during long-term application.Natural safeners,discovered from endogenous compounds in animals,plants,and microorganisms,are novel in structure and relatively friendly to the ecological environment.Using natural safeners provides an effective way to solve the potential risks of commercialized safeners to the environment.This paper reviewed the research progress of natural safeners in the aspects of discovery methods,structures,and the effects of alleviating herbicide injuries to crop plants.The mechanism of existing natural safeners protecting crops against herbicide injury was summarized.The limitations used under field conditions and future research directions of natural safeners were concluded and prospected,respectively.These could provide guidance for the practical application of natural safeners in the prevention of herbicide injury and the development of corresponding products.

关 键 词：天然产物 除草剂 安全剂 作用机制 药害 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]