世界贸易组织补贴与反补贴规则的平衡机制及其改革  

The Balancing Mechanism of the WTO Rules on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures and Its Reform

作　　者：丁如 DING Ru

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2023年第3期59-78,共20页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“国有企业国际规则的中国方案构建研究”(项目批准号:21CFX050)。

摘　　要：WTO补贴与反补贴规则的各项改革议题可以从平衡机制的视角进行解构与建构。现有规则呈现出一个具有双层结构的平衡机制,其中补贴的权利义务关系是第一层结构,反补贴的权利义务关系是第二层结构。各成员所提出的规则改革提案均旨在对现有规则下的平衡机制进行调试与重构,以实现其自身的政策考量和价值追求。人类命运共同体理念所内含的尊重制度多元性和发展导向为我国方案提供了价值动力。在我国现有的补贴与反补贴规则改革方案基础之上,文章提出进一步的改革建议:公平对待国有和非国有商业企业,加严约束外部基准的适用,禁止歧视性补贴,完善不可诉补贴规则,建立应对气候变化的补贴协商与合作机制。The balancing mechanism provides a perspective for analyzing WTO reform of rules on subsidies and countervailing measures.The existing rules’balancing mechanism presents a double-layer structure of which the first layer consists of the right and obligation relationship regarding subsidization,while the second layer represents the right and obligation relationship in countervailing the subsidized imports.WTO members’proposals for reform aim to tilt and reconstruct this balancing mechanism in favor of their respective policy agendas and value considerations.The idea of“a community with a shared future for mankind”provides the value foundation for China’s proposals.In addition to what China has already proposed,this article suggests that the WTO rules should treat state-owned and non-state-owned commercial entities fairly,impose stricter disciplines over using out-of-country benchmark,prohibit discriminatory subsidies,reinvigorate the rules on non-actionable subsidies and establish a collaborative mechanism for subsidies in combating climate change.

关 键 词：世界贸易组织改革 补贴与反补贴规则 人类命运共同体 平衡机制 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]