美国刑事陪审团否决权制度研究  

Jury Nullification in Criminal Trials in the United States

作　　者：郑曦[1] ZHENG Xi

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2023年第3期142-158,共17页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：北京外国语大学本科教学改革与研究项目“涉外法治人才培养中的问题与对策研究”(项目批准号:XJJG202102);北京外国语大学卓越人才支持计划支持

摘　　要：陪审团否决权制度使得美国刑事陪审团有不顾事实与法律判决被告人无罪的权力。这一起源于英国的制度以司法民主为基础,在美国历史上起到了反抗殖民统治、支持废奴运动的作用。随着社会观念的转型,刑事陪审团否决权制度继续发挥矫正法律实施的价值以实现公众正义观。然而刑事陪审团否决权制度也存在导致法律虚无主义、违背司法专业化要求、使司法屈从于地方观念、加剧种族对立等风险,因此美国法官通过明确否定此权力、向陪审团隐瞒此权力等方式试图对该制度进行限制。但是刑事陪审团否决权制度仍有维护司法民主和防范政府滥权、沟通立法与司法、平衡法理和人情等现代意义,可以为我国人民陪审员制度的完善提供参考和借鉴。The mechanism of jury nullification empowers the criminal juries in the United States to acquit defendants disregarding facts and law.The mechanism inherited from the UK with the basis of jury independence and judicial democracy had worked well in fighting against colonial rule and supporting abolition movement in US history.Within the transformation of social ideas,jury nullification continues to play an important role in adjusting the application of law to meet public view of justice.The nullification power of criminal juries also has potential deficiencies such as causing legal nihilism,violating the requirements of judicial specialization,forcing judicial power to yield to local ideas,as well as aggravating racial confrontation.Accordingly,US judges tried to restrict jury nullification by means of denying the existence of jury nullification or concealing it from juries.However,jury nullification still has modern significance of safeguarding judicial democracy and preventing the government from abusing its power,communicating legislative and judicial power,and balancing law and humanity,which can provide reference to China in improving the system of people’s assessors.

关 键 词：刑事审判 陪审团否决权 司法民主 正义 

分 类 号：D971.252[政治法律—法学]