减量施氮对冀东地区春小麦氮肥利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Utilization and Yield of Spring Wheat in Eastern Hebei Province

作　　者：王爽 李菡 任学军 王健 郭振清 李云 韩玉翠 林小虎 Wang Shuang;Li Han;Ren Xuejun;Wang Jian;Guo Zhenqing;Li Yun;Han Yucui;Lin Xiaohu(Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Research Center of Rural Vitalization,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室/河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]河北科技师范学院乡村振兴研究中心,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第5期115-121,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFD300908-3)。

摘　　要：本试验选择春小麦津强11为材料,设置4个施氮水平(N_(0)、N_(80)、N_(160)、N_(240)),研究减量施氮对春小麦干物质和氮素积累转运、氮肥利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明:施氮处理的干物质积累量均高于不施氮,N_(80)处理的干物质积累量自抽穗期后快速增加,且成熟期时显著高于N_(240)处理;施氮条件下,花前干物质转运量及其对籽粒贡献率均随施氮量的减少而降低,花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒贡献率均随施氮量的减少而增高,N_(160)、N_(80)处理分别较N_(240)处理显著提高14.36%、5.36%和39.88%、20.90%;施氮后各处理的氮素积累量均高于不施氮,且从孕穗期到开花期以N_(240)处理的积累量最高。生育后期,N_(80)处理的氮素积累量快速增加,成熟期时达到最高值(180.44 kg/hm^(2));N_(80)处理的花后氮素积累量和对籽粒贡献率最高;氮肥利用效率、氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥生理利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均在N_(80)处理下达到最大值;N_(80)处理穗数最多,为683.33万/hm^(2);N_(80)处理的产量(6802.07 kg/hm^(2))分别较N_(160)、N_(240)处理提高2.15%、7.19%。本试验条件下,80 kg/hm^(2)(N_(80))为本地区春小麦适宜的施氮量,能够更好地利用氮肥,提高氮肥利用效率且产量最高,能达到节本增效的目的。In this experiment,spring wheat variety Jinqiang 11 was selected as experimental material,and four nitrogen fertilizer levels(N_(0),N_(80),N_(160)and N_(240))were set to study the effects of reduced nitrogen ap⁃plication on accumulation and transportation of dry matter and nitrogen,nitrogen use efficiency and wheat yield.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation amout with nitrogen application was higher than that without nitrogen application.The dry matter accumulation of N_(80)treatment increased rapidly after heading stage,and was significantly higher than that of N_(240)treatment at mature stage.Under the conditions of nitrogen application,the transport amount of dry matter accumulated before anthesis and its contribution rate to grain decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate,while the accumulation amount of dry matter after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain increased,and those of N_(160)and N_(80)treatments increased by 14.36%,5.36%and 39.88%,20.90%,respectively compared with N_(240)treatment.The nitrogen accumulation with nitro⁃gen application was higher than that without nitrogen application,and that of N_(240)treatment was the highest from booting stage to flowering stage.At the later stage of growth,the nitrogen accumulation under N_(80)treat⁃ment increased rapidly,and reached the highest value at maturity(180.44 kg/hm^(2)).Under N_(80)treatment,the nitrogen accumulation after anthesis and its contribution rate to grain were the highest,the nitrogen use effi⁃ciency,nitrogen agronomy efficiency,nitrogen physiological use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity reached the maximum,the number of panicles was the most as 683.33×104 per hectare,and the yield(6802.07 kg/hm^(2))was 2.15%and 7.19%higher than that under N_(160)and N_(240)treatments,respectively.In condusion,under the experimental conditions,80 kg/hm^(2)(N_(80))was the appropriate nitrogen application amount for spring wheat,which could utilize nitrogen fertilizer better,improve nitrogen use effici

关 键 词：春小麦 干物质积累 氮素转运 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.120.1[农业科学—作物学]