我国《民法典》中要约形式拘束力的解释论  

The Interpretation of Binding Force of Offer Form in the Civil Code of Our Country

作　　者：刘静波[1] 刘霞 Liu Jingbo;Liu Xia(School of Law,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China;Journal of Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆社会科学院杂志社,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《伊犁师范大学学报》2023年第1期37-43,共7页Journal of Yili Normal University

基　　金：新疆社会科学院青年项目“民法典中公共利益维护机制研究”(20YF010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：要约生效后要约人能否撤销要约,这存在争议。要约的形式拘束力与实质拘束力高度关联,实践中舍弃形式拘束力则难以实现实质拘束力。受要约人的信赖利益在社会层面具有公共利益属性,赋予要约形式拘束力符合自主决定和自己责任原则。由于要约的形式拘束力缺乏有效的替代机制而要约人的撤销自由存在诸多替代机制,赋予要约形式拘束力不仅必要而且可行。依据目的解释方法,通过适当扩大解释《民法典》第476条所规定的“例外”情形,可使要约不可撤销成为事实上的“原则”,从而化解学界通说与《民法典》条文表面文义之间的矛盾,使要约生效的拘束力得以合理确定,并使《民法典》的内在和外在体系更加和谐。It is controversial whether the offeree can cancel the offer after it becomes effective.The formal binding force of an offer is highly related to the substantive binding force.It is difficult to realize the substantive binding force when the formal binding force is abandoned in practice.The trust interest of the offeree has the attribute of public interest at the social level.The binding force of the offer form conforms to the principle of autonomous decision and self-responsibility.Due to the lack of effective alternative mechanisms for the formal binding force of an offer and the existence of many alternative mechanisms for the offeror's freedom of cancellation,it is not only necessary but also feasible to give formal binding force to an offer.According to the purpose interpretation method,the"exception"circumstance stipulated in Article 476 of the Civil Code can be properly expanded to make the irrevocable offer become a de facto"principle",so as to resolve the contradiction between the academic common theory and the apparent meaning of the provisions of the Civil Code,make the binding force of the effective offer reasonably determined,and make the internal and external system of the Civil Code more harmonious.

关 键 词：要约拘束力 形式拘束力 《民法典》 解释论 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]