对虾海水池塘养殖固形废弃物集污效率以及尾水处理研究  

Study on solid waste collection efficiency and tail water treatment of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei pond aquaculture

作　　者：刘旭佳 何绪刚[2] 赖俊翔[1,4] 黄国强[5] 侯杰 LIU Xujia;HE Xugang;LAI Junxiang;HUANG Guoqiang;HOU Jie(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agriculture University,Wuhan 430070,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Institute of Oceanology Co.,LTD,Beihai 536000,Guangxi,China;Beibu Gulf Marine Industry Research Institute,Fangchenggang 538000,Guangxi,China;Institute of Marine Drug,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科学院,广西海洋科学院,广西近海海洋环境科学重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]广西海洋研究所有限责任公司,广西北海536000 [4]北部湾海洋产业研究院,广西防城港538000 [5]广西中医药大学海洋药物研究院,广西南宁530200

出　　处：《渔业现代化》2023年第3期36-47,共12页Fishery Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960225);广西自然科学基金(2021GXNSFAA196074);北海市科技开发项目(201995045、202082035);广西人才小高地项目(BGMRC202002);防城港市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(防科AB20014027)。

摘　　要：为加快推进水产养殖业绿色发展,解决对虾海水池塘养殖面源污染以及产业发展与生态保护之间矛盾,研究了对虾海水池塘养殖固形废弃物集污效率与尾水生态处理技术。采用自行设计的沉淀塔进行固废收集,三级上向垂直流处理桶利用硝化-反硝化-再硝化处理工艺进行尾水脱氮处理。结果显示,在对虾池塘实际养殖过程中,养殖前期、中期与后期,沉淀塔对固形废弃物集污效率分别为10.6%±1.8%、31.1%±5.7%、52.2%±5.2%;总氮集污效率分别为1.4%±0.2%、3.4%±0.6%、9.1%±0.1%。三级上向垂直流处理桶均装填生物毛刷,自然挂膜60 d后,分别进行溶氧控制30 d,溶氧质量浓度分别为1.11~1.98 mg/L、0.27~0.45 mg/L、4.60~5.82 mg/L。经测定分析,三级处理桶总氮、氨氮去除率可以达到45.5%与93.6%,将处理桶中的毛刷进行高通量测序分析,发现第三级处理桶中硝化细菌丰度最高,主要包括亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)、亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)、硝化螺菌属(Nitrospira)。本研究构建了“沉淀塔固废集污”+“三级上向垂直流处理桶”模式,为对虾海水池塘养殖产业转型升级提供技术和模式参考。To accelerate the green development of the aquaculture industry,solve the shrimp pond aquaculture non-point source pollution and achieve a balance between the economy and ecology,this paper studied shrimp pond culture environment restoration technology to realize the purpose of water saving and emissions reduction.The study mainly included solid waste collection facilities’efficiency and tail water treatment.The aquaculture waste collection facilities are mainly composed of sedimentation towers for solid waste collection.The tailwater was treated in a three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket by the nitrification-denitrification-secondary nitrification principle.The results showed that the solid waste collection efficiency of the sedimentation tower was 10.6%±1.8%,31.1%±5.7%,and 52.2%±5.2%,respectively,in the early,middle,and late stages of shrimp pond culture.The total nitrogen collection ratio was 1.4%±0.2%,3.4%±0.6%,and 9.1%±0.1%,respectively.Three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket filled with biological brush under wastewater flowing condition for 60 d.After 30 days of aeration and anaerobic treatment,the dissolved oxygen content range remains 1.11-1.98 mg/L,0.27-0.45 mg/L,and 4.60-5.82 mg/L,respectively.After determination and analysis,the removal rates of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the tailwater after solid waste collection could reach 45.5%and 93.6%.High-throughput sequencing analysis was conducted on the biological brush in the thirdstage treatment bucket,and it was found that the abundance of nitrifying bacteria in the third-stage bucket was the highest.They mainly include Nitrosomonas,Nitrosospira,and Nitrospira,which can well explain the effect of third-stage nitrification.The construction of the"sedimentation tower"+"three-stage upward vertical flow processing bucket"mode,will provide a leading technology and demonstration mode for promoting the shrimp seawater pond aquaculture industry transformation and upgrading.

关 键 词：尾水处理 生态处理 对虾养殖 池塘养殖 固形废弃物集污效率 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]