北京大气中醛酮化合物污染特征与来源分析  

Pollution Characterization and Source Analysis of Carbonyls in Ambient Air in Beijing

作　　者：丁萌萌 周健楠 常淼 刘保献 杨梦 蔡美全 沈秀娥 DING Mengmeng;ZHOU Jiannan;CHANG Miao;LIU Baoxian;YANG Meng;CAI Meiquan;SHEN Xiue(Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology,Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境监测中心,大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第6期1095-1106,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技支撑环境治理项目(No.Z211100004321006)。

摘　　要：为研究北京大气中醛酮化合物的污染特征,利用2,4-二硝基苯肼采样管采样-高效液相色谱仪分析的方法,于2020年1月—12月以及2020年5月26—29日对北京城区评价点(车公庄)大气中的13种醛酮化合物开展常规和加密监测分析,于2020年9月17—21日对北京城区评价点和北京东南边界点(永乐店)开展同步监测分析,并对醛酮化合物的来源进行了初步分析.结果表明:①2020年北京城区大气中醛酮化合物总浓度为(25.1±8.5)μg/m^(3),其中丙酮、甲醛和乙醛的贡献率分别为43.1%、30.7%和15.6%.臭氧生成潜势呈甲醛>乙醛>丙酮的特征,其中甲醛和乙醛对臭氧生成潜势的贡献率分别为66.5%和23.0%.②醛酮化合物总浓度呈夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的特征,甲醛和乙醛浓度日变化均呈“双峰”特征,均在12:00—15:00达第1个峰值,在17:00—19:00达第2个峰值.③同步监测期间,车公庄和永乐店的醛酮化合物总浓度分别为(24.4±7.8)(24.1±7.5)μg/m^(3),车公庄丙酮、甲醛的贡献率分别较永乐店高1.3%和1.6%,乙醛、正丁醛、甲基丙烯醛的贡献率分别较永乐店低0.7%、2.0%和2.0%.④春季、夏季、秋季、冬季北京城区大气中甲醛和乙醛浓度之比(C1/C2)分别为1.9、2.4、1.7和1.2,乙醛和丙醛浓度之比(C2/C3)分别为10.6、12.4、8.3和8.3;车公庄甲醛浓度与乙醛浓度以及甲醛浓度与2-丁酮浓度均呈显著相关,而丙酮浓度与各化合物浓度的相关性较弱,永乐店乙醛浓度与丙醛浓度、乙醛浓度与甲基丙烯醛浓度以及甲醛浓度与正丁醛浓度均显著相关.研究显示,车公庄醛酮化合物浓度主要受机动车、光化学反应和溶剂使用影响较大,永乐店同时还受工业排放和柴油车尾气影响.In order to study the pollution characteristics of carbonyls in the atmosphere of Beijing,13 kinds of carbonyls in the ambient air in Beijing were collected using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine sample tubes at an urban site(Chegongzhuang),and were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.Routine monitoring was conducted once every 6 days throughout 2020,and hourly monitoring was conducted from May 26^(th) to 28^(th),2020.From September 17^(th) to 21^(st),2020,synchronous monitoring was conducted three times a day at the Chegongzhuang site and the southeast boundary site(Yongledian).The preliminary source analyses of carbonyls were carried out.The results showed that:(1)The concentration of total carbonyls in the urban air in Beijing was(25.1±8.5)μg/m^(3).Acetone,formaldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for 43.1%,30.7%and 15.6%,respectively.The ozone formation potential(OFP)of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for 66.5%and 23.0%,respectively.(2)The total carbonyl concentration showed a trend of summer>spring>autumn>winter in 2020.The concentration of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed‘double peak’characteristics,the first peak appeared from 12:00 to 15:00,and the second peak appeared from 17:00 to 19:00.(3)During the synchronous monitoring period in September,the concentrations of carbonyls at the Chegongzhuang site and Yongledian site were(24.4±7.8)and(24.1±7.5)μg/m^(3),respectively.The contribution rates of acetone and formaldehyde in Chegongzhuang were 1.3%and 1.6%higher than those in Yongledian respectively.The contribution rates of acetaldehyde,n-butyraldehyde and methylacrolein were 0.7%,2.0%and 2.0%lower than those of Yongledian respectively.(4)The concentration ratios of formaldehyde to acetaldehyde(C1/C2)in Beijing′s urban air in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 1.9,2.4,1.7 and 1.2 respectively,and the concentration ratios of acetaldehyde to propionaldehyde(C2/C3)were 10.6,12.4,8.3 and 8.3 respectively.The correlation between formaldehyde and acetaldehyde,formaldehyde and 2-but

关 键 词：醛酮化合物 污染特征 臭氧生成潜势 相关性 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]