中国非正式农地流转市场:基本事实与形成机理  

Informal agricultural land transfer market in China:Basic facts and formation mechanisms

作　　者：姚志 郑志浩[2] Yao Zhi;Zheng Zhihao(School of Economics and Management,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China;School of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学经济与管理学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《土地经济研究》2022年第2期73-105,共33页Journal of Land Economics

基　　金：湖北省教育厅中青年人才项目“新阶段中国农村土地延包问题的战略解构及路径研究”(Q20221316);长江大学社科基金项目“进城落户农民耕地利用效率、延包方案与产权细化研究”(71101031)。

摘　　要：非正式农地流转市场的形成并不具备偶然性,而是在中国情境中的宏观背景与微观机制共同作用下的必然结果。宏观原因:在产业时代背景下,以农为生的格局嬗变是低租金流转的开端;在城乡中国格局中,农业剩余劳动力的产业转移并不再“以地为生”是人情租流转的基础;在熟人社会网络中,人情网络与口头合约一定程度上降低了农地流转交易费用;在特色的农地制度框架内,受限制的农地产权制度助推了非正式短期流转交易行为。微观机理:①交易费用视角:如果当地农地流转市场欠发育,流转的交易成本十分高昂,那么更可能会促使人情租流转面积的增加。②效用函数视角:当人情租流转收益的边际效用大于货币租金的边际效用时,农户将选择非正式农地流转市场上的人情租流转。③风险损失视角:当农户更加关心土地的产权稳定、被征用预期收益、失业保障、农地地力可持续以及社会关系维系等“隐性收益”时,往往会放弃货币租流转机会,而选择非正式流转。④契约博弈视角:更看重货币租金之外的其他隐性收益的农户,往往会选择签订非正式口头契约。The formation of informal agricultural land transfer market is not accidental,but an inevitable result of the combination of the macro context and the micro mechanism in China.In terms of macro context,the evolution of the pattern of living on agriculture is the beginning of low rent transfer,in the industrial era;then the industrial transfer of agricultural surplus labor force is the basis of human rent transfer without“living on land”.In the acquaintance social network,human network and oral contract reduce the transaction cost of farmland transfer to a certain extent.In the framework of characteristic farmland system,the restriction of farmland property right system promotes the informal short-term circulation transaction.The micro mechanism:(1)transaction cost perspective:it is more likely to increase the transfer area of human rent,if the local agricultural land transfer market is underdeveloped and the transaction cost of the transfer is very high;(2)from the perspective of utility function:when the marginal utility of human rent transfer income is greater than the marginal utility of monetary rent,farmers will choose the human rent transfer in the informal farmland transfer market;(3)from the perspective of risk loss:when farmers are more concerned about the“hidden benefits”such as the stability of land property rights,the expected benefits of expropriation,unemployment insurance,the sustainability of farmland fertility and the maintenance of social relations,they tend to give up the opportunity of currency lease transfer and choose informal transfer;(4)from the perspective of contract game:farmers who pay more attention to other implicit benefits other than monetary rent often choose to sign informal oral contracts.

关 键 词：非正式流转市场 基本事实 宏观背景 微观机理 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]