梨种质资源果实若干数量性状评价指标研究  

Evaluating standards of some fruit quantitative traits of pear genetic resources

作　　者：张莹[1] 曹玉芬[1] 田路明[1] 董星光[1] 齐丹[1] 霍宏亮[1] 徐家玉 刘超 王立东 ZHANG Ying;CAO Yufen;TIAN Luming;DONG Xingguang;QI Dan;HUO Hongliang;XU Jiayu;LIU Chao;WANG Lidong(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院果树研究所,辽宁兴城125100

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第6期1053-1063,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】进一步完善我国梨种质资源描述评价体系,确定梨若干果实数量性状的分级评价指标及参照品种。【方法】对国家果树种质兴城梨圃保存的梨11个种456份资源和114份新品种共570份材料的9个果实数量性状进行数据采集及整理,使用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据统计分析,绘制各数量性状频率分布直方图,进行分级评价并选取参照品种。【结果】梨种质资源果实数量性状变异系数最大的是可滴定酸含量,为128.43%。9个果实数量性状数据均为偏正态分布。使用等距法绘制各果实数量性状频率分布图,果梗长度和果梗粗度采用5级分级,果心大小采用4级分级。由于脆肉型梨(含白梨、砂梨和脆肉型梨新品种)、西洋梨和秋子梨单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量6个性状差异显著,因此分别进行分级,相应分级标准为:脆肉型梨和西洋梨的单果质量、果实横径和果实纵径采用4级分级方法,秋子梨的单果质量、果实横径和果实纵径采用3级分级方法;果肉硬度均采用3级分级方法;可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量均采用5级分级方法。每个性状的各等级选取2个参照品种。【结论】梨种质资源9个果实数量性状中可滴定酸含量的变异系数最高,更能体现梨品种间的差异。9个性状均不符合标准正态分布,其原因可能是长期人为选择的结果。软肉型梨(秋子梨和西洋梨)的平均可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量高于脆肉型梨。9个果实数量性状采用了3级、4级和5级等3种不同的分级方法。【Objective】Among all the phenotypic traits of pear germplasm,the fruit traits are the most valuable phenotypic characteristics that can determine the quality of pears and identify pear accessions.Furthermore,they are essential for the classification of pear species.This study was to establish evaluating standards and provide reference cultivars for the evaluation of the fruit quantitative traits of pear genetic resources,which could facilitate the information exchange and pear cultivar introduction and provided theoretical basis for the standardization of pear germplasm resources description.【Methods】The data of nine fruit quantitative traits based on 570 pear accessions of 11 species and 114 bred cultivars planted in the National Germplasm Repository of Pear(Xingcheng,China)were analyzed by SPSS.19.0.The coefficient variation and skewness were calculated and the frequency distribution histogram was drawn,including a normal curve.The nine fruit quantitative traits were graded and the reference cultivars were selected.【Results】The coefficient variation of titratable acidity was the largest(128.43%);and that of soluble solids content was the smallest(13.67%).Therefore,the titratable acidity could better reflect the difference between varieties,and the genetic characteristics of the soluble solids content were more stable.All the nine fruit quantitative traits were skewed normal distribution with the highest skewness in titratable acidity(2.75)and the lowest in stalk length(0.13).The difference between the mean and median of the stalk thickness and flesh firmness were<0.1,and the other traits were≥0.1,indicating that the data of the stalk thickness and flesh firmness were relatively concentrated compared with the other seven traits.Based on the frequency distribution of the diversity,grade index and reference cultivars were given by statistical data for pear description.The classification the nine quantity characters of pear fruit was researched by isometric method.The stalk length and stalk thickness

关 键 词：梨 种质资源 果实数量性状 评价指标 分级 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]