西番莲叶片矿质元素含量适宜值研究  

Study on the optimum contents of mineral elements in the leaves of passion fruit(Passiflora edulis)

作　　者：施清 谢钟琛 王贤达[2] 许家辉[2] 李健 SHI Qing;XIE Zhongchen;WANG Xianda;XU Jiahui;LI Jian(Planting Technology Promotion Center of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350003,Fujian,China;Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省种植业技术推广总站,福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院果树研究所,福州350013

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第6期1190-1201,共12页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：福建省现代农业(水果)产业技术体系。

摘　　要：【目的】分析制定一年生西番莲生长季叶片的矿质元素适宜值标准与构建主要矿质元素BDRIS诊断体系。【方法】2021年于福建西番莲产区选择紫果(Passiflora edulis)、黄果(P.edulis f.flavicapa Deg.)的代表性果园81个,调查每平方米着果数与产量等级记录810条,统计分析丰产园界定标准;并据此选择丰产果园63个,分别采集夏、秋两季的叶片与果实样品126份,测试叶片矿质营养元素和果实品质,据此开展西番莲叶片矿质元素含量适宜值研究。【结果】(1)推荐黄果≥16果·m^(-2)、紫果≥20果·m^(-2)为丰产园界定阈值,基本与2个品种在相同栽培管理条件下产量基本相符;(2)夏果品质极显著优于秋果,夏果表现果大、高糖、低酸和高固酸比;果实品质的品种间方差大于季节性方差,即品种间的品质差异较季节性差异更显著;(3)品种间N、K、Fe、Cl含量存在极显著差异(黄果>紫果);季节间N、Mg、Fe含量存在极显著差异,其中除Fe为非移动性元素外,N、Mg等可移动性元素含量均夏季高于秋季,这或与秋果产量高于夏果产量有关(夏果∶秋果≈4.5∶5.5);(4)推荐夏季绿果期第10叶位的带柄标准叶的矿质元素临界值诊断标准“元素(<缺乏;适宜下限~适宜上限;>过量)”:N(黄果:3.90%~5.40%;紫果:3.35%~4.90%)、P(0.19%~0.31%)、K(黄果:2.10%~4.25%;紫果:2.10%~3.50%)、Ca(<1.50%;1.90%~3.41%;>3.81%)、Mg(<0.15%;0.20%~0.40%;>0.45%)、Cu(3.0~20.0 mg·kg^(-1))、Zn(24~80 mg·kg^(-1))、Fe(<70 mg·kg^(-1);90~160 mg·kg^(-1);>240 mg·kg^(-1))、Mn(<40 mg·kg^(-1);80~550 mg·kg^(-1))、B(<16 mg·kg^(-1);25~70 mg·kg^(-1);>85 mg·kg^(-1))、Mo(0.15~1.5 mg·kg^(-1))、Cl(<2.0%)、S(0.32%~0.48%;>0.52%);(5)研究样例叶片主要矿质营养N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素数据分布均满足正态假设p(normal)≥0.15,符合BDRIS建模条件,并构建诊断体系。【结论】推荐夏季绿果期为一年生栽培西番莲叶片矿质营养元素诊断的适宜采样期,�【Objective】The present experiment was undertaken to analyze and formulate the suitable value standard of mineral elements in the leaves of annual passion fruit in growing season,so as to establish the BDRIS diagnostic system of main mineral elements.【Methods】In 2021,81 representative orchards of purple passion fruit(P.edulis)and yellow passion fruit(P.edulis f.flavicarpa)were selected in the passion fruit production area of Fujian province.The number of fruits per m2 and the yield grade were investigated,and the high yield was statistically analyzed,which was based on 810 records.According to the standard,63 high-yield orchards were selected,and 5 high-yield plants were selected according to the quincunx sampling method,numbered and marked.In the mid-June and late September,10 leaves at the 10th leaf position were collected from each plant,and 50 leaves were mixed into one leaf sample,which were cleaned for standby;at the fruit maturity stage,according to the number marked above,4 mature fruits were randomly collected from each plant,20 fruits were taken as one fruit sample,and 10 normal and non-destructive fruits were randomly taken from each fruit sample for testing.The single fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter,total soluble solid and titratable acid contents of the fruit were tested.Finally,according to the data of leaves and fruits,the suitable value of mineral element content in passion fruit leaves was studied.【Results】①According to the best regression simulation between the yield grade and the number of fruit bearing per Square meter,and taking into account the actual production and the operability of the evaluation,it is suggested that the average number of fruit bearing varieties should be taken as the defining standard for high-yield orchards:yellow passion fruit≥16 fruit·m^(-2),and purple passion fruit≥20 fruit·m^(-2),which is basically consistent with the production practice of the two varieties under the same cultivation and management conditions.�

关 键 词：西番莲 叶片矿质营养 适宜标准 平衡态综合诊断施肥法 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]