3个苹果新品种病毒病的发生状况及ASSVd序列分析  

Incidence of virus diseases and ASSVd sequence analysis in three new apple cultivars

作　　者：陈荣鑫 钟远闻 孙鲁龙 王辉[1] 王伯臣 贾荣俭 赵政阳[1] CHEN Rongxin;ZHONG Yuanwen;SUN Lulong;WANG Hui;WANG Bochen;JIA Rongjian;ZHAO Zhengyang(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agricultural&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第6期1215-1225,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-27);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2452020033)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,苹果病毒病的发生日趋严重,对产业的健康发展造成了严重影响,但是其在苹果新品种瑞阳、瑞雪、瑞香红上的发病状况尚不明确。【方法】在2021—2022年采用RT-PCR方法对白水地区198份新品种样品进行病毒病检测,并对感染苹果锈果类病毒(apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)植株的果实症状进行了调查和基因克隆、测序。【结果】检测结果显示白水地区新品种潜隐性病毒的感病率显著高于非潜隐性病毒,其中苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(apple chlorotic leaf spot virus,ACLSV)的检出率最高,达到了91.72%,其次是苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)和苹果茎痘病毒(apple stem pitting virus,ASPV),检出率分别达到了77.16%、37.13%,苹果坏死花叶病毒(apple necrotic mosaic virus,ApNMV)的检出率为30.31%,苹果锈果类病毒和苹果凹果类病毒(apple dimple fruit viroid,ADFVd)的检出率接近10%;通过对新品种携带病毒类型分析发现,新品种瑞阳整体的检出率低于瑞雪和瑞香红,且73.17%植株病毒复合侵染种类以2~3种为主,而瑞雪、瑞香红57.55%、69.39%的植株以3~4种为主;3个新品种感染苹果锈果类病毒后,瑞阳主要表现为“花脸型”,瑞雪、瑞香红表现为“花脸型”“果面凹凸不平”2种症状;通过对3个新品种ASSVd分离物进行测序、分析,发现新品种瑞阳分离物与伊朗苹果分离物(KM213397.1)同属一个分支,新品种瑞雪、瑞香红分离物序列与韩国、加拿大苹果分离物(AF421195.1、X71599.1)同属一个分支。【结论】检测结果表明,白水地区3个新品种苹果褪绿叶斑病毒、苹果茎沟病毒感病率较高,非潜隐性病毒的感病率相对较低,且新品种瑞阳对病毒的敏感性较低;新品种瑞雪、瑞香红苹果锈果类病毒分离物属于同一分支,而它们拥有共同的亲本(克氏粉红×秦富1号),这从寄主亲缘关系远近的角度表明ASSVd侵染存在寄主特异性。【Objective】The incidence of apple virus disease is a key factor limiting the healthy development of apple industry,and it is mainly spread by grafting.In recent years,with the rapid development of the apple industry,dwarf cultivation and high-jointing techniques have been rapidly promoted,which further aggravates the danger of virus diseases.In this study,we investigated the incidence of apple stem grooving virus(ASGV),apple stem pitting virus(ASPV),apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV),apple necrotic mosaic virus(ApNMV),apple scar skin viroid(ASSVd),and apple dimple fruit viroid(AFDVd)on the new apple cultivars Ruiyang,Ruixue and Ruixianghong in Baishui county,clarified the current status of virus diseases on the new cultivars,cloned the sequence of ASSVd gene on the new cultivars and clarified their variant types,so as to provide a basis for the sustainable and healthy development of the new apple cultivars.【Methods】In this study,198 leaf samples of new cultivars were collected from eight orchards in Baishui county during 2021 to 2022 using a five-point sampling method,carried back to the laboratory at 4℃,and tested for ASGV,ASPV,ACLSV,ApNMV,ASSVd and AFDVd by RT-PCR.Samples infected with ASSVd from three new cultivars were cloned and sequenced for ASSVd sequences,and the sequencing results were analyzed using Blast,MEGA7.0,and DNAMAN software.【Results】The main types of viruses infecting the new species in Baishui county were latent viruses,of which ACLSV had the highest detection rate of 91.72%,followed by ASGV and ASPV,with detection rates being 77.16%and 37.13%,respectively.The detection rates of non-latent viruses were relatively low,with ApNMV being 30.31%,and ASSVd and ADFVd being 9.75%and 4.87%,respectively.Among the three new cultivars,the overall detection rate of Ruiyang was lower than that of Ruixue and Ruixianghong,and 73.17%of the plants were infected with 2-3 virus complexes,and 57.55%of the plants of Ruixue and 69.49%of the plants of Ruixianghong were infected with 3-4 virus comple

关 键 词：苹果新品种 病毒病 RT-PCR检测 ASSVd 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]