葡萄遗传图谱构建与抗病QTL定位研究进展  

Research progress in genetic map construction and QTL mapping for dis-ease resistance in grapevine

作　　者：李鹏 刘锐涛 谭西北 张颖[1] 刘崇怀[1] LI Peng;LIU Ruitao;TAN Xibei;ZHANG Ying;LIU Chonghuai(Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第6期1245-1254,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31872057);郑州市重大科技创新专项(2020CXZX0082);中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI)。

摘　　要：葡萄在生长发育过程中易遭受多种病原菌的侵染,影响果实品质和产量,制约葡萄产业的发展。生产中多采用杀菌剂对病原菌进行防治,增加了投资成本,且会对环境造成污染,因此培育高品质抗病品种对葡萄生产具有重要意义。葡萄抗病性为多基因控制的数量性状,QTL定位是研究数量性状的一种有效方法,遗传图谱的构建是检测QTLs和克隆基因的基础。多年来,研究人员通过构建遗传图谱鉴定了一系列霜霉病、白粉病、皮尔斯病等抗性遗传位点,同时,根据抗性位点的基因组区域,开发了多个连锁标记,并应用到葡萄抗病性遗传研究中,加速了葡萄的育种进程。对葡萄遗传连锁图谱的构建和抗病相关QTL定位研究进展进行了综述,分析了目前研究中存在的问题并提出建议,为今后葡萄抗病基因定位和分子标记辅助选择育种提供借鉴。Grape is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world,which has been cultivat-ed as a source of fresh fruit,raisins,wine and distilled beverages.In recent years,our country's grape production has increased rapidly,ranking first in the world.However,the grape is susceptible to infec-tion by a variety of pathogens during the growth and development process,which affects berry quality and yield and restricts the development of the grape industry.Control of pathogenss requires regular ap-plication of fungicides.Nevertheless,the intensive use of chemicals becomes more and more restrictive because of their cost,risk on human health and negative environmental impact.Therefore,plant breed-ing for disease resistance is the most attractive way to control grapevine pathogens effectively and envi-ronment-friendly.The grape has the characteristics of long childhood and high heterozygosity and breeding for disease resistance is a very time-consuming process,because it needs the evaluation of re-sistance levels of the progeny.Molecular marker assistant selection(MAS)technology can improve the efficiency of directional breeding and accelerate the breeding process.Grape disease resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes.QTL mapping is an effective method to study quantita-tive traits.The construction of a genetic map is the basis for detecting QTLs and cloning genes.Since Lodhi built the first genetic map of grapevines based on RAPD marker and AFLP marker,more than 160 grape genetic maps have been published in the world,of which 40 are related to grape disease resis-tance.Mapping populations and molecular markers are two key factors in constructing the genetic maps.The QTL mapping study is usually carried out in the crossed F1 generation population,and a few are self-crossed and backcrossed populations.The early grape genetic map was mainly constructed us-ing AFLP and RAPD molecular markers,but different maps could not be compared,and the limitations were large.Subsequently,with the development o

关 键 词：葡萄 遗传图谱 抗病 QTL定位 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]