施肥方法对甘薯根际土壤真菌群落的影响  

Effects of fertilizer application methods on fungal communities in sweet potato rhizosphere

作　　者：王静[1] 袁洁 王磊[2] 张辉[2] 唐忠厚[1] 赵鹏 张爱君[1] 汪吉东[2] 张永春[2] WANG Jing;YUAN Jie;WANG Lei;ZHANG Hui;TANG Zhong-hou;ZHAO Peng;ZHANG Ai-jun;WANG Ji-dong;ZHANG Yong-chun(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221121,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environments,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Jiangsu),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所/国家土壤质量徐州观测实验站,江苏徐州221121 [2]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部江苏耕地保育科学观测站,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第5期876-888,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(21)3002];徐州市现代农业面上项目(KC21139);江苏省重点研发项目(BE2021311)。

摘　　要：【目的】真菌在根际土壤养分循环中发挥重要作用,探究磷肥施用方法对甘薯根际土壤真菌群落的影响,以减少施肥可能对甘薯根际土壤微生态环境的不利影响。【方法】甘薯–小麦轮作长期肥料定位试验位于江苏南京,始于2011年。2020年选择该定位试验中的3个处理:不施磷肥(NK)、单施化肥(NPK)和有机无机肥配合(NPKM),在甘薯膨大期采集储藏根与纤维根根际土壤,测定化学性质,并利用Illumina Novaseq高通量测序技术,分析真菌群落相对丰度、群落组成与多样性,及其与根际土壤化学性质的关系。【结果】1)施肥处理改变了两类根根际土壤化学性质,储藏根和纤维根的根际土壤有机碳、溶解性有机碳、速效钾含量均表现为NPKM>NPK>NK处理,有效磷(AP)含量表现为NPK>NPKM>NK (P<0.05),同一处理两类根际间只有有效磷含量差异显著;纤维根和储藏根的根际土壤pH均以NPKM处理最高,NPK处理最低且显著低于NK处理,NPKM处理的纤维根根际pH显著高于储藏根根际0.81个单位。2) 3个施肥处理两类根系根际土壤的优势真菌类群均为子囊菌门(Ascomycota, 70.2%~77.9%)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota, 5.9%~8.5%)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota, 1.8%~8.1%)。3个处理间储藏根根际土壤子囊菌门的相对丰度无显著差异,而NK处理纤维根根际土壤子囊菌门的相对丰度显著高于NPKM处理(P<0.05);担子菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度在NPK和NPKM处理间以及两类根系的根际土壤间均无显著差异,而NK处理的储藏根根际土壤担子菌门和被孢霉门的相对丰度较NPK处理分别低70.4%和62.9%,较NPKM处理分别降低44.0%和151%(P<0.05)。3) NPKM和NPK处理储藏根根际特有的真菌OTUs数分别为122和113个,而NK处理为86个,远低于NPKM和NPK处理。NPKM处理纤维根根际特有的真菌OTUs数最高(160个),而NPK和NK处理分别为114和127个。NK处理的纤维根根际土壤观察到的物种数和Shannon多样�【Objectives】Fungi play an important role in rhizosphere soil nutrient cycling.Effects of long-term phosphorus fertilizer application on the soil fungal communities in sweet potato rhizosphere were explored,in order to diminish the potential unfavorable impacts of P application methods in the rhizospheric microecological environment.【Methods】A long-term experiment was established in 2011 with sweet potato-wheat rotation system located in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province.In 2020,three treatments were selected for this experiment:no phosphorus fertilizer(NK),chemical fertilizers(NPK),and organic and chemical fertilizers(NPKM).The rhizospheric soils of storage and fibrous roots were collected at the storage root expansion stage of sweet potato.The basic soil chemical properties were determined using standard chemical analytical methods,and the relative abundance,composition and diversity of fungal community were analyzed using Illumina Novaseq High-throughput sequencing technology.【Results】1)Long-term P application altered chemical properties of rhizospheric soils.The organic carbon(SOC),dissolved organic carbon(DOC),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK)were all significantly increased by P application in both storage and fibrous rhizosphere.The SOC,DOC and AK contents were in order of NPKM>NPK>PK(P<0.05),while AP was in order of NPK>NPKM>NK(P<0.05).Only the AP under NPK was significantly different between the two root types.The pH in fibrous and storage rhizosphere were found to be highest in NPKM,and lowest in NPK treatment.The fibrous rhizosphere pH was 0.81 units higher than that in storage rhizosphere under NPKM treatment.2)The dominant fungi were Ascomycota(70.2%–77.9%),Basidiomycota(5.9%–8.5%),and Mortierellomycota(1.8%–8.1%),regardless of treatments.The relative abundance of Ascomycota in storage rhizosphere was similar among the three treatments,while that in fibrous rhizosphere was significantly(P<0.05)higher in NK treatment than in NPKM treatment.The relative abundance of Basidiomy

关 键 词：甘薯 储藏根 纤维根 根际真菌群落 长期施肥 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S531[农业科学—农业基础科学]