基于根际生命共同体理论的根区土壤结构构建与调控  

Construction and regulation of soil structure in root zone based on the theory of rhizobiont

作　　者：刘学松 王翼飞 师嫄菲 张方博 伍梦起 唐晓燕 申建波[1] 金可默[1] LIU Xue-song;WANG Yi-fei;SHI Yuan-fei;ZHANG Fang-bo;WU Meng-qi;TANG Xiao-yan;SHEN Jian-bo;JIN Ke-mo(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions,Ministry of Education,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research,Department of Soil Systems Science,Free State of Saxony,Halle 06120,Germany;College of Resources and Environment,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/国家农业绿色发展研究院/植物–土壤相互作用教育部重点实验室,北京100193 [2]亥姆霍兹环境研究中心土壤系统科学系,德国萨克森州哈勒06120 [3]四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都625014

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第5期972-979,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901002-5);四川省科技计划项目(2022YFQ0091);国家自然科学基金项目(32130094)。

摘　　要：我国农田土壤大多存在耕层浅、易板结、土壤紧实等结构性障碍,严重影响作物产量形成,威胁粮食安全。传统调控土壤结构的措施如深耕深松、施用有机肥、秸秆还田、添加生物炭等,尽管改良效果明显,但成本较高,并可能带来环境风险。相比传统的土壤结构障碍消减措施,植物可通过根系生长和根分泌物的释放改变土壤孔隙特征,进而改变土壤结构,因此,利用植物学特征进行根区土壤结构调控是消减土壤障碍的“绿色”方式,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文综述了根区土壤结构特点及现有土壤结构障碍消减措施的优势和不足之处,并基于根际生命共同体理论,探讨挖掘和强化根系–土壤互作,利用植物根系重塑土壤结构的可行性。重点从土壤孔隙角度讨论理想土壤结构的设计与构建,不同直径的土壤孔隙对应着不同的功能。通过选择具有特定根表型的植物来重塑土壤孔隙网络,进而构建理想的根区土壤结构,实现土壤结构和功能的耦合。In China,most agricultural soils have structural obstacles such as shallow plow layer,crust,and compaction,which seriously affect crop yields and threaten food security.Some methods such as deep plowing and deep loosening,application of organic fertilizer,returning straw to the field and adding biochar,are often used in modifying soil structure,and have resulted in obvious changes.However,the high cost and environmental risks brought about by these methods are not negligible.Recently,the biological potential of plant roots have caused concerns on their great potential to change soil pore characteristics through root growth and release of root exudates.As a“green”way to reduce soil barriers,root zone soil structure regulation has important theoretical and practical significance.Here,in this review,we summarize the characteristics of soil structure in the root zone,and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing measures to reduce soil structure barriers,and discuss the feasibility of exploring and strengthening root-soil interaction and using plant roots to reshape soil structure based on the theory of“Rhizobiont”.Specifically,we focus on the design and construction of ideal soil structure from the perspective of soil pores.Different diameters of soil pores correspond to different functions.By selecting plants with specific root phenotypes to reshape the soil pore network,and then construct an ideal root zone soil structure to realize the coupling of soil structure and function.

关 键 词：根系 根分泌物 根区土壤结构 土壤孔隙 障碍消减 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]