社会工作介入直过民族地区留守儿童安全问题研究——以云南省怒江傈僳族自治州Z易地搬迁社区为例  

The Safety of Left-behind Children in Zhiguo Nationality Areas Through Social Work Intervention:Take the Relocation Community of Z in Nujiang,Yunnan Province as An Example

作　　者：阳忠艳 吴电雷 杜发春 YANG Zhongyan;WU Dianlei;DU Fachun(School of Sociology,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Chinese Language and Literature,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of New Rural Development,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学社会学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]云南农业大学新农村发展研究院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期103-111,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学研究基地项目“云南深度贫困地区农村基本公共服务均等化研究”(JD2018ZA03)。

摘　　要：以云南省怒江傈僳族自治州Z易地搬迁社区留守儿童为例,通过实地访谈和观察,发现直过民族地区的易地搬迁社区留守儿童面临自然灾害、溺水、交通安全、居家安全、生理卫生安全和性侵等问题。从留守儿童所在的社会生态系统来看,其存在安全问题的原因主要是家庭监管不力、学校安全教育效果不佳、政府监管不到位、不良文化诱导、留守儿童自制力差等。针对留守儿童多样化的安全教育需求,以社会学习理论和社会性别理论为基础,制定适合直过民族地区易地搬迁社区留守儿童的服务计划,运用小组工作方法开展安全教育活动。经过过程评估和结果评估,发现小组工作方法对解决直过民族地区易地搬迁社区留守儿童存在的安全问题有着显著的效果。但这种方法不能完全满足留守儿童的安全需求,需整合个案工作、小组工作和社区工作三种方法进行介入,以达到最佳效果。Taking the left-behind children in relocating communities in Z areas of Nujiang,Yun Province as an example,through field interviews and participant observation,it was found that,the left-behind children in relocating communities of Zhiguo nationality areas were faced with natural disasters,drowning,traffic safety,home safety,physical health safety and sexual assault and other problems.From the perspective of the social ecosystem where left-behind children live,the main reasons for their safety problems were weak family supervision,poor school safety education,inadequate government supervision,induction of bad culture,poor self-control of left-behind children,etc.In view of the diversified safety education needs of left-behind children,based on social learning theory and gender theory,service plans suitable for left-behind children in resettlement communities directly through ethnic minority areas were formulated,and safety education activities were carried out by using group work method.Through the process evaluation and result evaluation,it was found that,the working method of the group had a significant effect on solving the safety problems of left-behind children in the resettlement communities in the direct minority areas.However,this method couldn’t fully meet the safety needs of left-behind children,so it was necessary to integrate case work,group work and community work to get the best results.

关 键 词：社会工作 直过民族地区 留守儿童 安全问题 易地搬迁社区 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]