海水稻田湿地对半咸水对虾养殖池塘水环境的净化作用研究  

Purification effect of searice paddy field on brackish water environment of shrimp culture

作　　者：张新新 李婷 李少文 朱长波[2] 张博[2] 苏家齐[2] 阮国良[1] 张晓阳 ZHANG Xinxin;LI Ting;LI Shaowen;ZHU Changbo;ZHANG Bo;SU Jiaqi;RUAN Guoliang;ZHANG Xiaoyang(Animal Science College,Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434025,China;South China Sea FisherieSResearch Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery ResourceSDevelopment and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute/Shandong Key laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration,Yantai 264006,China;Zhuhai Yueshun Aquaculture Co.Ltd.,Zhuhai 519170,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学动物科学学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院/山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [4]珠海粤顺水产养殖有限公司,广东珠海519170

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2023年第3期19-28,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31902423);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2021XT0403);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202010009);山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室开放课题(201917)。

摘　　要：为探索海水稻-对虾塘田生态联作模式中稻田湿地的水环境净化作用,分别开展了稻田净化单元在夏、冬季对虾养殖周期的尾水处理效果研究。夏季试验中,对虾养殖尾水经不同种植密度的海水稻和常规水稻稻田净化处理,6周后各处理尾水中氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)-N)、总磷(TP)和化学需氧量(COD浓度)均大幅下降,单倍密度海水稻稻田净化效果最好,对应去除率分别为81.6%、68.2%、63.7%、91.0%和29.7%,均显著高于无水稻对照处理(P<0.05),其中-N及可溶性无机氮去除率显著高于常规水稻处理(P<0.05);冬季试验中,塘田联作塘海水稻收割,池塘进入冬棚养殖,水体中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、可溶性无机氮和总悬浮颗粒物(TPM)的平均质量浓度分别较单养对照池塘降低了51.5%、40%、36.7%和11.2%(P<0.05);NO_(3)^(-)-N、TP、COD、颗粒有机物(POM)、颗粒无机物(PIM)的平均质量浓度与对照池塘无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,海水稻稻田在水稻生长季与非生长季具有相似作用,均具备一定的水质净化能力,有利于维持对虾生长所需的良好水质环境。In order to explore the water purification effect of paddy field in the combined pond-paddy field farming system,we analyzed the biofiltration ability of sea rice paddy field in two shrimp culture seasonS(Summer and winter).In the summer trial,the tail water of shrimp culture waSpurified by sea rice and common rice paddy fieldSwith different planting densities,and the purification efficiency of sea rice paddy fieldSwith standard planting density waSthe highest.After six weeks,the removal rateSof ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total phosphoruSand chemical oxygen demand in standard sea rice treatment were 81.6%,68.2%,63.7%,91.0%and 29.7%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control treatment(P<0.05),and the removal rateSof ammonia nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen were significantly higher than those in the common rice treatment(P<0.05).In the winter trial,sea rice waSharvested in the shrimp-rice pond,the average concentrationSof ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total inorganic nitrogen and total particulate matter in the shrimp-rice pondSdecreased by 51.5%,40%,36.7%and 11.2%,respectively,compared with the shrimp monoculture pondS(P<0.05).The average concentrationSof nitrate nitrogen,total phosphoruSand chemical oxygen demand,particulate organic matter and particulate inorganic matter were not significantly different from those in monoculture pondS(P>0.05).The resultSshow that the sea rice paddy field haScertain purification ability in both rice growing season and non-growing season,which helpSto maintain a good water environment for shrimp growth.

关 键 词：塘田联作 养殖尾水 海水稻 无机氮 人工湿地 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]