大功率空间激光载荷短时散热系统实验研究  

Ground Experiment Research on Short-Time Heat Dissipation System under High Power Space Laser Load

作　　者：陈祥贵 赵振明[1,2] 孟庆亮 王钰[1,2] CHEN Xianggui;ZHAO Zhenming;MENG Qingliang;WANG Yu(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]先进光学遥感技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2023年第3期69-78,共10页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(51806010)。

摘　　要：大功率激光载荷在空间应用时具有瞬时热流密度高、工作时间短、间歇性工作的特点。为确保其高性能的工作,需要高效地解决激光载荷的热量获取、传递及排散问题。但受限于航天器有限的散热面面积,其散热能力往往难以满足大功率激光器的瞬时散热需求,而相变储热作为一种利用相变潜热的高效储热方式,可以解决航天器热控系统在供给侧和需求侧时空不匹配的问题。机械泵驱两相流体回路(Mechanically Pumped Two-phase Loop,MPTL)具有高效的传热效率和很强的传热能力,是解决大功率热量获取和传递的先进技术。文章针对大功率空间激光载荷的散热需求,将相变储热和两相传热技术相结合,提出基于固液相变储热和气液相变传热的短时大功率散热方案,完成了散热系统研制及性能测试。实验结果表明,散热系统能够很好的满足大功率激光载荷的散热需求,实现了12kW大功率载荷短时间稳定运行,具有很好的工程应用前景。High-power laser loads have the characteristics of high instantaneous heat flux density,short working time and intermittent operation in space applications.To ensure its high-performance work,it is necessary to efficiently solve the heat acquisition,transfer,and dissipation problems of the laser load.Due to the limited heat dissipation surface area of the spacecraft,its heat dissipation capacity is often difficult to meet the instantaneous heat dissipation requirements of high-power lasers.As an efficient heat storage method using latent heat of phase change,phase change heat storage can solve the problem of space-time mismatch between the supply side and the demand side of the spacecraft thermal control system.Mechanically pumped two-phase loop(MPTL)utilizes the latent heat of gas-liquid phase transition and boiling heat transfer characteristics in the process of flow boiling,which is the key to solving the heat dissipation problem of high-power equipment due to its extremely strong heat transfer capability.In view of the heat dissipation requirements of high-power space laser loads,this paper combines phase change heat storage and two-phase heat transfer technology,proposes a short-term high-power heat dissipation scheme based on solid-liquid phase change heat storage and gas-liquid phase change heat transfer,and completes the development and performance test of the cooling system.The experimental results show that the heat dissipation system can well meet the heat dissipation requirements of the high-power laser load and realize the stable operation of the 12KW high-power load in a short time,which has a good engineering application prospect.

关 键 词：大功率激光载荷 机械泵驱动两相流体回路 相变储能装置 航天器热控 

分 类 号：V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]