青藏高原沙尘气溶胶时空变化及其来源地分析  

Temporal and Spatial Changes of Dust Aerosol over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau and Analysis on Its Source Regions

作　　者：李本涛 张镭[1,2] 张云舒 张浩田 卢格非 LI Bentao;ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Yunshu;ZHANG Haotian;LU Gefei(Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education,College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2023年第3期564-574,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0602)。

摘　　要：沙尘气溶胶作为地球大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对全球气候、生态环境和人体健康都有重要影响。厘清青藏高原地区的沙尘气溶胶时空分布变化,对研究青藏高原沙尘气溶胶气候环境效应有重要意义。利用风云卫星遥感资料、再分析资料等多源数据,统计分析了1999-2020年青藏高原上空沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征。高原沙尘活动强度在季风期明显高于非季风期,沙尘气溶胶光学厚度(Dust Optical Depth,DOD)在春、夏、秋、冬季的多年平均分别为0.176、0.064、0.032、0.060,气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)为0.223、0.118、0.069、0.117。柴达木盆地是青藏高原地区沙尘活动最活跃的区域,在高原西部和南部监测到零星沙尘活动。2018-2020年,青藏高原上空发生沙尘事件的天数分别为:192天、218天和212天。东亚地区沙尘源地(约62%)与中东、中亚地区沙尘源地(约30%)分别是高原北部和南部沙尘气溶胶的主要来源,源自北非地区的沙尘主要影响高原南部的高海拔地区。青藏高原地区沙尘活动在2000-2012年强度较高,2012-2020年后呈现波动变化。青藏高原地区的沙尘活动影响范围和强度受到塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的降水、风场变化影响,相关系数分别为-0.56和-0.32。Dust aerosol is an important component of the Earth's atmospheric aerosols,and has essential impacts on global climate,ecological environment and human body health.The spatial and temporal distributions of dust aerosol and their variations over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau are of great significance to be further investigated and estimated for evaluating the climatological and environmental effects of dust aerosol loading over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.In this study,based on the data from different sources,including FengYun(FY)geostationary satellite remote sensing data and re-analysis data,both spatial and temporal characteristics of dust aerosol over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau are counted and analyzed within the period from 1999 to 2020.The intensity of dust activity over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau during monsoon period is stronger than that during non-monsoon period.More specifically,multi-year averaged seasonal aerosol optical depths(AODs)are 0.176,0.064,0.032 and 0.060,while dust optical depths(DODs)achieve 0.223,0.118,0.069 and 0.117 for spring,summer,autumn and winter.The dust activity is most active over Qaidam Basin,and small scale and isolated dust occurrences are also observed over the southern and western Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.The number of days,in which it is occurred with dust event,is 192,218 and 212 from 2018 to 2020,respectively.The dust sources in East Asia(about 62%),and Middle East and Central Asia(about 30%)are the main sources of dust aerosols for the northern and southern TP,separately.The dust originating from North Africa,mainly affects high-elevation regions in the southern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.The intensity of dust activity over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau is relatively strong from 2000 to 2012,but its trend turns to be fluctuating from 2012 to 2020.The intensity and influencing area of dust activity over Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau are both affected by variations of precipitation and wind over Taklamakan Desert,whose correlation coefficients with dust activity ov

关 键 词：沙尘气溶胶 卫星遥感 青藏高原 沙尘源地 

分 类 号：P414.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]