基于一二维耦合模型和水库调度的长江宜宾河段洪水遭遇与淹没分析  

1-D and 2-D coupling model and reservoir regulation-based analysis on flood encounter and inundation of Yibin Reach of Yangtze River

作　　者：沈豪 曹大岭[1,2] 万洪涛[1,2] 刘舒[1,2] 杨艳霞 郑林亮 侯宇 赵超辉 程东 SHEN Hao;CAO Daling;WAN Hongtao;LIU Shu;YANG Yanxia;ZHENG Linliang;HOU Yu;ZHAO Chaohui;CHENG Dong(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood&Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第4期1-21,共21页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0803107,2016YFC0803109);北京市科技计划课题专项科研项目(Z201100008220005)。

摘　　要：【目的】宜宾市地处金沙江与岷江汇合处,且有横江、南广河及其他重要支流汇入,因此洪水遭遇组合复杂,且受金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡等梯级水库调度影响明显,其水文水动力计算对下游各城镇河段防洪规划及减灾政策制定具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建一二维水动力学耦合数学模型,采用实测洪水验证的分析方法对长江宜宾河段(含重要支流汇入段)的洪水组合进行分析,选取了1961年、1966年两个典型年并对比有无金沙江下游梯级水库调洪的影响,计算各河段和沿岸城镇100 a、50 a及20 a一遇的洪水淹没。【结果】结果表明:(1)当发生超标洪水时,城区主要洪水漫溢淹没分布在宜宾的安边镇、柏溪街道,翠屏区西郊街道以及岷江菜坝镇飞机坝段。(2)不管是1961典型年(岷江为主要来水)还是1966典型年(金沙江为主要来水),岷江流域均受灾较重;其中西郊街道和大观楼街道的洪水主要受金沙江来水和岷江洪水顶托作用明显;岷江漫溢洪水为宜宾城区外洪的主要来源,岷江是宜宾市的防洪重点。【结论】结合防洪工程分布及现有堤防建设情况,菜坝镇飞机坝片区现有的20 a一遇洪水的堤防无法满足实际防洪标准需求;西郊街道滨江公园和备战码头,由于未形成防洪封闭圈,城区局部地区仍处于不设防状态;柏溪镇堤防防洪标准20 a一遇偏低,黑河(柏树溪)受到金沙江回水影响会造成柏溪镇严重洪灾。金沙江在向家坝水库的调蓄作用下,即使发生100 a或超过50 a一遇超标洪水,中心城区均不超过40 a一遇,宜宾城区受金沙江洪水影响相对较小,受岷江回水影响较大。[Objective]Yibin City is located at the confluence of Jinshajiang River and Minjiang River with the inflows from the Hengjiang River,Nanguanghe River and the convergence of the other important tributaries,and then the flood encounter composition is complicated therein and it is obviously influenced by the dispatching of the cascade reservoirs i.e.Xiangjiaba Reservoir,Xiluodu Reservoir,etc.along the Lower Jinshajiang River,thus its hydrological and hydrodynamic calculation is of great significance to make flood control planning and disaster reduction policy for the towns and river sections along the lower reach.[Methods]Through a 1-d and 2-d coupling hydrodynamic mathematical model,the flood composition of Yibin reach of Yangtze River(including the inflow reaches of important tributaries)is analyzed herein with the analysis method of verifying the measured flood,and then two typical years,i.e.1961 and 1966,are selected to compare whether there is the impacts from flood regulations of the cascade reservoirs along the Lower Jinshajiang River,while the flood inundations with the return periods of 100 a,50 a and 20 a of all the river reaches and the cities and towns along the river are calculated as well.[Results]The results show that:(1)The flooding overflows and inundations in the urban area are distributed in Anbian Town,Baixi Street,Western Suburb Street of Cuiping District and Feijiba Section of Caiba Town at Minjiang River.(2)Whether it is the typical year of 1961(inflow mainly comes from Minjiang River)or 1966(inflow mainly comes from Jinshajiang River),Minjiang River Basin is all seriously suffered from flood disaster,in which the floods in Western Suburb Street and Daguanlou Street are obviously affected by the inflow from Jinshajiang River and the flood jacking effect of Minjiang River,while the overflowing flood from Minjiang River is the main source of the external flood of the urban area of Yibin City,thus Minjiang is the key point of flood control.[Conclusion]Considering the situation of both the distrib

关 键 词：宜宾市 水库调度 洪水遭遇 一二维水动力耦合模型 洪水淹没 数值模拟 长江流域 梯级联合调度 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]