硅改性酚醛/碳纤维复合材料的制备及烧蚀性能  

Preparation and ablation performance of silica modified phenolic/carbon fiber composite

作　　者：潘栩 祝诗洋 钟业盛[2] 李明伟[2] 史丽萍[2] 赫晓东[2] PAN Xu;ZHU Shiyang;ZHONG Yesheng;LI Mingwei;SHI Liping;HE Xiaodong(College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,Jiangsu,China;National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composite in Special Environments,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150000,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学材料与化学化工学部,江苏苏州215123 [2]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《材料工程》2023年第6期150-158,共9页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室基金项目(2019KX00914);深圳市科技计划资助项目(KQTD2016112814303055)。

摘　　要：针对酚醛树脂(RF)耐热性不足、抗烧蚀性能差,且SiO_(2)粒子与酚醛树脂相容性的问题,采用共凝胶法制备纳米级的SiO_(2)/RF杂化气凝胶,通过构建凝胶网络互穿结构,增加两相相容性,探究SiO_(2)/RF杂化气凝胶的微观结构、化学结构和热物理性能。制备得到硅改性酚醛/碳纤维复合材料,并对改性前后复合材料的烧蚀性能进行比较。结果表明,不同硅含量的杂化气凝胶具有凝胶骨架和孔隙双连续的结构特性,密度分别在0.145~0.160 g/cm^(3)之间。随着硅含量提高,杂化气凝胶残留率增加,Si—O键吸收振动峰更明显,但XRD无衍射峰。综合考虑孔径分布及热物理性能,选取性能最优的杂化气凝胶制备硅改性酚醛/碳纤维复合材料,改性后复合材料的质量烧蚀率为0.046 g/s,线烧蚀率为0.074 mm/s。与未改性的复合材料相比,质量烧蚀率降低了20.7%,线烧蚀率降低了21.3%,改性后材料的抗氧化性和烧蚀后的残留率得到明显提升。Aimed at the problem of insufficient heat resistance and poor ablation resistance of phenolic resin(RF),and the compatibility of SiO_(2)particles with phenolic resin,the nano-scale SiO_(2)/RF hybrid aerogel was prepared by the co-gel method.The interpenetrated gel network was constructed to increase the compatibility of two phases.The microstructure,chemical structure and thermophysical properties of the SiO_(2)/RF hybrid aerogel were explored.The silica-modified phenolic/carbon fiber composite material was prepared.The ablation properties of the composite material before and after modification were compared.The results show that the hybrid aerogel possesses a bi-continuous structure of skeleton and pores.The density of the hybrid aerogel fluctuates in the range of 0.145-0.160 g/cm^(3).As the silica content increases,the residual carbon ratio of the hybrid aerogel increases,and the Si—O bond absorption vibration peak is more obvious,but XRD has no diffraction peak.Considering the pore size distribution and thermal physical properties,the silica-modified phenolic/carbon fiber composite material was prepared with the best performance hybrid aerogel.The mass ablation rate of the modified composite material is 0.046 g/s,and the linear ablation rate is 0.074 mm/s.Compared with the unmodified composite material,the mass ablation rate is reduced by 20.7%,the linear ablation rate is reduced by 21.3%.The oxidation resistance and the residual carbon ratio of the modified material are significantly improved.

关 键 词：SiO_(2)/RF凝胶网络互穿结构 共凝胶法 硅改性酚醛/碳纤维复合材料 烧蚀性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]