成都市学龄前独生子女与非独生子女情绪与行为问题比较  

Comparison of emotional and behavioral problems of only and non-only child in the kindergartens in Chengdu

作　　者：任妍 朱帝玲 叶丽雯 李春荣 陈月 杨柳 秦成洁 罗同勇 REN Yan;ZHU Diling;YE Liwen;LI Chunrong;CHEN Yue;YANG Liu;QIN Chengjie;LUO Tongyong(Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu(610000),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院/成都市妇女儿童中心医院保健部,四川成都610000 [2]成都医学院公共卫生学院 [3]四川省妇幼保健院儿童健康中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第5期733-737,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：中国疾控预防控制中心妇幼保健中心母婴营养与健康研究资助项目(2022FYH005);四川省科技计划资助重点研发项目(2020YFS0484)。

摘　　要：目的 分析学龄前独生与非独生子女存在的情绪与行为问题差异,为开展学龄前儿童心理行为发育情况监测及干预工作提供依据。方法 采用方便抽样的方法,于2021年5-6月在成都市23个区市县抽取153所幼儿园共45 065名儿童,通过监护人填写在线问卷的方式调查人口学特征、儿童心理行为发育情况,采用χ^(2)检验分析各维度异常率在独生子女与非独生子女间的差异,通过倾向性评分匹配方法对独生子女与非独生子女的情绪与行为问题进行分析。结果 儿童情绪行为问题异常检出率为6.10%,其中独生子女为6.34%,非独生子女为5.84%。匹配后独生子女组与非独生子女组的困难总分、情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意缺陷、同伴交往、社会行为评分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为9.91,8.97,3.91,15.57,-5.46,4.08,P值均<0.01)。结论 在困难总分及情绪症状、品行问题、多动注意缺陷方面,非独生子女情况均好于独生子女;在同伴交往、社会行为方面,独生子女情况优于非独生子女。是否独生子女应作为学龄前儿童心理保健工作中制定具体方案的重要考虑因素。Objective To analyze the emotional and behavioral problems and associated factors of the only and non-only child,and to provide some clues for further monitoring and intervention of psychological and behavioral development among preschool children.Methods Using a convenience sampling method,a total of 45065 children enrolled in 153 kindergartens in 23 districts and counties of Chengdu were selected from May to June 2021 to investigate demographic characteristics and children's psycho-behavioral development through online questionnaires filled out by their guardians.The Chi-square tests were used to analyze whether the differences in abnormality rates of each dimension were statistically significant between the only and non-only children.The emotional and behavioral problems of only children and non-only children were analyzed by propensity score measurement.Results The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior problems in children was 6.10%,including 6.34%in the only child group and 5.84%in the non-only child group.After matching,total difficulty score,and scores of emotional symptoms,conduct problems,hyperactive attention deficit,peer interaction,and social behavior differed between the only child group and the non-only child group(t=9.91,8.97,3.91,15.57,-5.46,4.08,P<0.01).Conclusion In terms of the total score of difficulties,emotional symptoms,moral problems,and hyperactivity attention defects,the non-only child is better than the only child,but the opposite is true in terms of peer interaction and social behavior.Mental health conditions among the only child should be paid more attention.Whether or not the only child should be taken as an important consideration for preschool children's mental health care.

关 键 词：情绪 行为 精神卫生 独生子女 儿童 学龄前 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R179[哲学宗教—心理学] R193[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]