施用锌肥和石灰对双季稻生理特性及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Zinc Fertilizer and Lime Application on Physiological Characteristics and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Double-cropping Rice

作　　者：杨宁俊 屠乃美[1] 方畅宇 易镇邪[1] 郭荟 马国柱 陈威 庾振宇 刘芳禧 邹燕 YANG Ningjun;TU Naimei;FANG Changyu;YI Zhenxie;GUO Hui;MA Guozhu;CHEN Wei;YU Zhenyu;LIU Fangxi;ZOU Yan(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2023年第3期129-135,共7页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301501,2018YFD0301005)。

摘　　要：为探究锌肥和石灰对双季稻生理特性及氮肥利用率的影响,在南方典型双季稻种植区进行2 a试验,综合评价在有机肥、无机肥配施(30%有机肥+70%无机肥)条件下施用锌肥和石灰对双季稻生理特性及氮肥利用率的影响,以期为提高水稻产量和科学施肥提供理论依据。设置T1(30%有机肥+70%无机肥)、T2(锌肥+30%有机肥+70%无机肥)、T3(石灰+30%有机肥+70%无机肥)、T4(锌肥+石灰+30%有机肥+70%无机肥)4种施肥模式,另外设置T5(不施氮肥只施磷肥和钾肥),用于计算氮肥利用率,测定LAI、剑叶SPAD值、植株氮积累量、产量,计算氮素农学利用率和氮素偏生产力。结果表明,与T1处理相比,施用锌肥能提高水稻剑叶的SPAD值和孕穗期LAI,有利于各生育时期的氮素积累和孕穗-完熟期的氮素积累,还可提高氮素农学利用率和氮素偏生产力。连年施用石灰则会降低LAI、氮素农学利用率和氮素偏生产力。2017年早、晚稻以T4处理的产量最高;2018年早、晚稻以T2处理的产量最高。综合考虑水稻产量、LAI、氮素积累量和氮素利用率,各处理中以T2处理(锌肥+30%有机肥+70%无机肥)表现最佳。To explore the effects of zinc fertilizer and lime on physiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of double-cropping rice so as to provide theoretical basis for improving rice yield and scientific fertilization,a two-year experiment was conducted in the typical double-cropping rice growing area in southern China to comprehensively evaluate the effects of zinc fertilizer and lime combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer(30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer)on physiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of double-cropping rice.Four fertilization modes were set:T1(30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer),T2(zinc fertilizer+30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer),T3(lime+30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer),T4(zinc fertilizer+lime+30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer).In addition,T5(phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer only applied without nitrogen fertilizer)was set to calculate nitrogen use efficiency.The LAI,flag leaf SPAD value,plant nitrogen accumulation and yield were measured,and the nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were calculated.The results showed that compared with T1 treatment,application of zinc fertilizer could improve SPAD value of flag leaf and the LAI at booting stage,facilitate the nitrogen accumulation at various growing stages and the nitrogen accumulation from booting to maturity stage,and also improve nitrogen agronomic use effciency and nitrogen partial productivity.However,continuous lime application could reduce the LAI,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity.T4 treatment had the highest yield in early and late rice in 2017 while T2 treatment had the highest yield in early and late rice in 2018.In consideration of rice yield,LAI,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency,T2 treatment(zinc fertilizer+30%organic fertilizer+70%inorganic fertilizer)showed the best performance among all of the treatments.

关 键 词：锌肥 石灰 双季稻 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学] S318