不同行业护听器防护效果验证结果分析  

Analysis of verification results of protective effects of hearing protectors in different industries

作　　者：石寒雪 苏世标[1] 刘明[1] 李荣宗[1] 汪天尖 肖斌[1] Shi Hanxue;Su Shibiao;Liu Ming;Li Rongzong;Wang Tianjian;Xiao Bin(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occuaptional Diseasse Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou 510300,China;School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广州510300 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,广州510080

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2023年第5期333-337,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所标准研制项目(20210401);国家标准体系建设项目(131031109000160010);广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心(D:2019A069);广州市科技计划项目(201904010268)。

摘　　要：目的了解国内不同行业的工人使用护听器的降噪效果现状及其影响因素。方法于2020年10月至2021年4月, 采用随机抽样的方法, 选取石化厂、纺织厂、零部件制造厂1 197名噪声作业工人为研究对象, 利用护听器适合性检验系统测试工人佩戴日常使用的护听器的降噪效果[个人声衰减值水平(PAR)], 比较3家企业工人的PAR, 对于未达到企业要求降噪效果的工人进行针对性的干预和重复性测试, 比较干预前后工人的PAR的变化情况。两组或多组基线PAR的比较用曼惠特尼检验, 基线PAR与干预后PAR的比较用威尔科克森符号秩和检验, 两组或多组定性资料的比较用χ^(2)检验。结果所有工人的基线PAR的中位数为15 dB, 男性、年龄<30岁, 文化程度在大专及以上、工龄5~15年, 使用护听器5~15年者的PAR值较高, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三家企业工人的基线PAR中位数差异有统计学意义(H=175.06, P<0.01)。未通过基线受试者的PAR的中位数经干预后从3dB提升至21 dB(Z=-27.92, P<0.01)。结论部分工人佩戴护听器并未达到要求的PAR, 低PAR可能与不正确的佩戴方式和不正确护听器选型有关, 护听器适合性检验系统作为一项检测、培训和帮助选型的工具对于工人听力保护具有重要意义。Objective To get insight into the current practice of noise reduction effect of workers as they wore hearing protectors in different domestic enterprises and the possible affected factors.Methods From October 2020 to April 2021,using a random sampling method,1197 workers exposed to noise in petrochemical factories,textile factories,and parts manufacturing factories were selected as the study subjects.The noise reduction effect of hearing protectors worn by workers in daily use was tested using a hearing protector suitability testing system.The personal sound attenuation level(PAR)was compared among workers in three enterprises,Targeted intervention and repetitive testing were conducted for workers who did not meet the noise reduction effect required by the enterprise,and the changes in PAR of workers before and after the intervention were compared.The comparison of baseline PARs between two or more groups was performed using the Mann Whitney test,the comparison of baseline PARs with post intervention PARs was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test,and the comparison of qualitative data between two or more groups was performed using the Chi square test.Results The median baseline PAR for all workers was 15 dB.Men,age<30 years old,education level at or above college level,working experience of 5 to 15 years,and those who used hearing protectors for 5 to 15 years had higher PARs,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The median difference in baseline PAR among workers from three enterprises was statistically significant(H=175.06,P<0.01).The median PAR of subjects who did not pass the baseline increased from 3 dB to 21 dB after intervention(Z=-27.92,P<0.01).Conclusion Some workers wearing hearing protectors do not meet the required PAR,and low PARs may be related to incorrect wearing methods and incorrect selection of hearing protectors.As a tool for testing,training,and assisting in selection,the hearing protector suitability testing system is of great significance for worker hearing protectio

关 键 词：噪声 护听器 声衰减 流行病学因素 个体适合性检验 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]