算法歧视的侵权责任治理  

Governance of the Tort Liability in Algorithmic Bias

作　　者：袁文全[1] YUAN Wen-quan(School of Law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期89-99,共11页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“机构养老发展的法治保障研究”(22BFX18920)。

摘　　要：算法运用导致的算法歧视正危害着民事主体的合法权益。不同国家(地区)分别从事前预防或事后问责两个维度展开对算法歧视的治理;目前我国在事前主要通过公法进行数据规制与个人赋权,同时在事后采用行政问责来应对算法歧视。在事前预防模式下存在新型权利行使障碍、责任主体不明确等问题,事后问责机制则忽略了民事主体的私法救济路径,存在效率低下等弊端。鉴此,需要明确算法歧视作出方的民事义务,在行政问责机制基础上完善以私法救济为核心的侵权责任法律体系,丰富事后问责体系,与事前规制共同治理算法歧视。在路径上可通过厘清算法歧视归因、公法规制困境以及侵权责任救济的适配性,将公法中对算法歧视治理的理念纳入侵权救济体系,对算法歧视侵权的归责原则、过错认定、免责事由等内容进行丰富与扩展,达到国家干预与调控算法歧视相济的正当性目的与法律效果。Since algorithmic bias caused by algorithm usage threatens the legitimate rights of parties in civil legal affairs,some countries and regions begin to govern this problem through beforehand prevention and accountability.China mainly adopts public laws to regulate data and empower individuals beforehand and administrative accountability afterwards.However,the prevention is hampered by new types of obstacles to the exercise of rights and ambiguous subjects of liability,while the accountability mechanism has some drawbacks like neglecting private law remedies of civil subjects and inefficiency.It is therefore necessary to clarify the civil obligations of the parties that implement the bias,improve the legal system of tort liability with private law remedies as the core on the basis of the administrative accountability mechanism,enrich the accountability system,and manage algorithmic bias jointly with beforehand regulations.By pinpointing the causes of the bias,the dilemma of public law regulations and the suitability of tort liability remedies,the concept of algorithmic bias governance in public laws can be incorporated into the tort remedy system,and the principles of imputation,fault determination and liability exclusion of the bias can be enriched and expanded to achieve the legitimate purpose and legal effect of state intervention and regulation of algorithmic bias.

关 键 词：人工智能 算法歧视 侵权责任 法律救济 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]