中国种业贸易的市场需求、自然壁垒和产权保护——基于空间溢出效应视角  

Market demand,natural barriers and property rights protection of China’s seed trade——based on the perspective of spatial spillover effect

作　　者：李嘉雨 肖艳[1,2] LI Jia-yu;XIAO Yan(School of Economics,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004;High-Quality Economic Development Research Center of Hunan Provincial Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities,Changsha,Hunan 410004)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地产业经济高质量发展研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《价格月刊》2023年第6期63-71,共9页

基　　金：国家社会科学研究基金项目“国际数字贸易壁垒的中国对策研究”(编号:17BGJ017)资助。

摘　　要：为明确中国种业出口贸易的影响因素,基于2001—2020年中国与79个经济体之间的种子贸易数据,构建以市场需求、自然壁垒和知识产权保护为三大核心维度的指标体系,运用空间杜宾模型进行计量分析。结果表明:在市场需求维度下,主粮种子的空间溢出效应显著高于油料种子和蔬菜种子;进口国同中国签署的自由贸易协议直接拉动了种子的进口需求;在自然壁垒维度下,气温和降水限制了中国种子贸易的出口地理范围;知识产权维度下,进口国签署UPOV公约和TRIPS协议对三类种子的出口产生显著差异性影响。据此,提出不断夯实中国主粮种子的出口优势地位,扩大主粮种子对中低收入发展中国家的出口援助;特别关注非洲地区油料作物的引导性种植,以充分利用其自然优势助力当地油料作物种植产业发展,促进中国油料种子的出口;借助中国蔬菜种质资源优势进行品种改良,丰富中国蔬菜种子的多样性,引导出口目的地国家蔬菜需求的增加和消费偏好的形成;加大对种子的知识产权保护与国际合作,促进种子贸易公平交易。In order to clarify the influencing factors of China’s seed industry export trade,based on the seed trade data between China and 79 economies from 2001 to 2020,this paper constructs an index system with market demand,natural barriers and intellectual property protection as the three core dimensions,and uses the spatial Dubin model for econometric analysis.The results showed that the spatial spillover effect of main grain seeds was significantly higher than that of oil seeds and vegetable seeds under the dimension of market demand;the free trade agreement signed by the importing countries and China has directly boosted the import demand of seeds;in the dimension of natural barriers,temperature and precipitation limit the geographical scope of China’s seed trade exports;under the dimension of intellectual property rights,the signing of UPOV and TRIPS Agreement by importing countries has significant difference in the export of three types of seeds.Therefore,this paper proposes to constantly consolidate the export advantage position of China’s main grain seed export and expand the export assistance of staple grain seeds to low-and middle-income developing countries;We should pay special attention to the guiding planting of oil crops in Africa,so as to make full use of its natural advantages to help the development of local oil crop planting industry and promote the export of oil seeds in China,make use of the advantages of China’s vegetable germplasm resources to improve varieties,enrich the diversity of China’s vegetable seeds,guide the increase of vegetable demand and the formation of consumer preferences in export destination countries and increase the protection of intellectual property rights and international cooperation in seeds and promote fair trade in seeds.

关 键 词：种业出口 市场需求 自然壁垒 知识产权保护 空间杜宾模型 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]