小麦-滨麦衍生系18DM134的分子细胞遗传学及赤霉病抗性鉴定  

Molecular Cytogenetic and Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Identification of Wheat-Leymus mollis Derivative Line 18DM134

作　　者：尚立辉 刘文豪 王斯文 杨晓莹 程小方 邓平川[1,2] 陈春环 赵继新[1,2] 王长有 吉万全[1,2] SHANG Lihui;LIU Wenhao;WANG Siwen;YANG Xiaoying;CHENG Xiaofang;DENG Pingchuan;CHEN Chunhuan;ZHAO Jixin;WANG Changyou;JI Wanquan(College of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业部作物基因资源与种质创制陕西科学观测实验站,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2023年第6期685-695,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(20160102000);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLNY04-06)。

摘　　要：滨麦[Leymus mollis(Trin.) Pilger]作为小麦的野生亲缘种之一,具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱等优良特性,同时对多种小麦病害具有良好抗性,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究前期从八倍体小滨麦M842和硬粒小麦D4286的杂交后代中筛选出一个抗赤霉病的衍生系18DM134,为给该材料的利用提供依据,本研究利用细胞遗传学、原位杂交、液相芯片、分子标记等技术对其染色体组成进行鉴定,并对其农艺性状和赤霉病抗性进行调查。细胞学观察结果显示,18DM134的染色体构型为2n=42=21Ⅱ。原位杂交结果显示,18DM134含有38条小麦染色体、2条完整的Ns染色体以及2条易位染色体,其中整条6A染色体和5DS染色体缺失,2条Ns染色体片段易位到3DS染色体,2条3DL染色体易位到5DL染色体。液相芯片和分子标记分析结果显示,18DM134中来自滨麦的6Ns染色体替换了小麦6A染色体,部分5Ns染色体片段与3DS染色体发生了易位,5DS染色体缺失。因此,18DM134为小麦-滨麦代换易位系,其染色体组成为12A+14B+10D+2(6Ns)+2(T3DS-5Ns片段)+2(T3DL-5DL)。农艺性状和赤霉病抗性鉴定结果显示,18DM134具有矮秆、大穗和高千粒重等特性,且对小麦赤霉病具有良好的抗性。因此,18DM134可应用于小麦赤霉病抗性的遗传改良和育种研究。Leymus mollis(Trin.) Pilger, as an important gene resource for wheat genetic improvement, has resistance to cold, ddrought and saline-alkaline, as well as great resistance to various wheat diseases. In our research group, a derivative line 18DM134 with Fusarium head blight(FHB) resistance was developed from the progeny of a cross between octaploid Tritileymus M842 and durum wheat D4286. In order to provide the basis for the utilization of 18DM134, in the study, the material was identified by cytology, in situ hybridization, liquid array and molecular markers, and its agronomic traits and resistance to FHB were also investigated. Cytological observations showed that the chromosome configuration of 18DM134 was 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. The results of in situ hybridization showed that 18DM134 contained 38 wheat chromosomes, 2 Ns chromosomes and 2 translocated chromosomes, and the entire 6A chromosome and 5DS chromosome were missing in 18DM134;Two Ns chromosome fragments were translocated to 3DS chromosome, and two 3DL chromosomes were translocated to 5DL chromosome. Liquid array and molecular marker analysis showed that wheat 6A chromosomes were substituted by 6Ns chromosomes from L. mollis in 18DM134, and the fragment of 5Ns chromosome was translocated with 3DS chromosome, and 5DS chromosome was deleting. The results indicate that 18DM134 is a substitutional translocation line with chromosome group composition of 12A+14B+10D+2(6Ns)+2(T3DS-5Ns fragment) +2(T3DL-5DL). Agronomic traits and resistance to FHB results showed that 18DM134 has the traits of dwarf, big spike and high thousand-grain weight, and had good resistance to FHB. Therefore, the novel substitutional translocation line 18DM134 can be an important germplasm for improving FHB resistance in wheat genetic and breeding program.

关 键 词：小麦 滨麦 代换易位系 细胞遗传学 赤霉病抗性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330