基于浮标站观测的伶仃洋河口湾极端风暴潮动力响应过程——以1822号台风“山竹”为例  

Dynamic Response Process of Extreme Storm Surge in the Lingdingyang Estuary Based on the Observations at Buoy Stations:Taking Typhoon 1822(Mangkhut)as the Example

作　　者：方神光 喻丰华 王世俊 FANG Shenguang;YU Fenghua;WANG Shijun(Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute,Pearl River Water Resources Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China;Guangdong Polytechnic of Water Resources and Electric Engineering,Guangzhou 510635,China)

机构地区：[1]珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院,广东广州510611 [2]广东水利电力职业技术学院,广东广州510635

出　　处：《海岸工程》2023年第2期149-161,共13页Coastal Engineering

基　　金：流域水治理重大关键技术研究(SKR-2022036);华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室2021年开放课题基金(SKLEC-K7-202110)。

摘　　要：基于台风“山竹”期间伶仃洋水域6座浮标站数据,采用主潮通量算法分析了该水域的动力特征,揭示了台风影响期间伶仃洋河口湾的动力响应过程。结果表明:台风登陆前1 d,伶仃洋整体水域气象环境开始受到明显影响,当日以北风为主且风速较小;台风登陆期间最大风速约30 m/s,为东北偏东风;登陆后,风速开始逐渐减小,以东南风为主。台风登陆期间,伶仃洋水域涨、落潮流速显著增大,潮位出现近9 h的持续上涨,湾顶最高潮位出现时间比湾口晚约2 h。台风登陆前和登陆期间,西滩中部水域形成一落潮通道,东四口门潮流以上溯为主,遭遇上游下泄洪水,导致网河区潮位持续上涨,水位平均抬升达约54 cm;登陆后,洪水动力持续增强和风速减弱,伶仃洋水域落潮历时显著延长。内伶仃洋流速剪切梯度峰值出现在落潮至落憩时段的近底层2 m水深范围内,台风登陆期间该范围明显向河床收缩;湾口剪切梯度峰值出现在落憩和初涨阶段的表层水域,受控于表层海面风速和风向变化,底层剪切梯度始终很小。Based on the data observed at 6 buoy stations in the Lingdingyang Estuary during Typoon Mangkhute,the dynamical characteristics in the study area are analyzed by using main tidal flux algorithm.The results show that the meteorological characteristics in the whole waters of the Lingdingyang Estuary began to be affected significantly one day before the typhoon landing,being dominated with north wind and small wind speed.During the typhoon landing,northeast by east wind was dominated,with the maximum wind speed being about 30 m/s.After the typhoon landing,southeast wind became dominant and the wind speed began to decrease gradually.During the typhoon landing,the velocities of the rising tide flow and the ebb tide flow increased significantly in the Lingdingyang Estuary and the tidal level increased continuously for about 9 hours,with the highest tidal level occurring about 2 hours later at the top of the bay than at the mouth of the bay.Before and during the typhoon landing,an ebb channel was formed in the middle waters of the west beach,and a retroactive flowing was dominated at the east four gates.When the flood discharged from upstream was encountered,the water level in the river network was caused to rise continuously,making the water level uplift about 54 cm on an average.After the typhoon landing,the power of flood continued to enhance and the wind speed decreased,causing the duration of the ebb tide in the Lingdingyang Estuary to prolong significantly.The peak value of the flow velocity shear gradient in the inner Lingdingyang Estuary occurred within a water depth range of 2 m near the bottom layer in the time period from ebb to rest.This range retracted obviously toward the riverbed during the typhoon landing.At the mouth of the bay,however,the peak value of the flow velocity shear gradient occurred mainly in the surface water in the time period from the ebb rest to the initial tide-rising.The peak value of the flow velocity shear gradient at the bottom had always been very small because of the control by th

关 键 词：风暴潮 伶仃洋 流速梯度 潮动力 浮标站 

分 类 号：P731.21[天文地球—海洋科学]