品种多样性对冀北坝上地区燕麦种子产量稳定性的影响  

Effects of variety diversity on yield stability of oat seeds in Bashang region of Hebei Province

作　　者：曹丽霞 赵世锋 赵艳格 张丽霞 石碧红 白静 张新军 李云霞 杨晓虹 王建香 唐建昭 Cao Lixia;Zhao Shifeng;Zhao Yange;Zhang Lixia;Shi Bihong;Bai Jing;Zhang Xinjun;Li Yunxia;Yang Xiaohong;Wang Jianxiang;Tang Jianzhao(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Hebei Oat Technology Innovation Center,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Mandetang Township Government,Kangbao County,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;Engi-neering Technology Research Center,Geographic Information Development and Application of Hebei,Institute of Geographi-cal Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000 [2]河北省燕麦技术创新中心,河北张家口075000 [3]张家口市康保县满德堂乡政府,河北张家口075000 [4]河北省科学院地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期48-55,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系张家口综合试验站(CARS-07-E-1);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系水分生理与节水栽培岗位(CARS-07-B-3);河北省农业园区(基地)建设专项张北县有机燕麦基地建设与示范(20537501D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系杂粮杂豆创新团队高粱与燕麦岗位(HBCT2018070204);河北省现代种业科技创新专项杂粮杂豆现代种业科技创新团队(21326305D-1);河北省科学院科技计划项目(22105)。

摘　　要：[目的]冀北坝上地区燕麦产量较低且年际间波动剧烈,探究品种多样性对燕麦种子产量稳定性的影响,对保证燕麦高产和稳产具有重要意义。[方法]选择坝莜3号、蒙燕1号、坝燕6号、甜燕麦、白燕18号和KONA(美国)6个品种为试验材料,研究2017-2019年不同品种的生育期和产量变化,并揭示燕麦产量变异的气象决定因子。[结果]不同燕麦品种生育期在78~99 d之间,其中坝莜3号生育期最长。同一品种生育期年际间变异较高。2017年、2018年和2019年6个品种的产量分别为2872.51~5860.55 kg·hm^(-2)、3194.70~4841.50 kg·hm^(-2)和3117.50~5193.75 kg·hm^(-2),年际间变异为11.7~29.2%。6个品种的平均产量分别为4424.61、4158.46和3865.71 kg·hm^(-2),干旱年份(2019年)品种多样性的产量优势更加明显。品种多样性显著降低年际间产量的变异,6个品种平均产量的年际间变异率仅为6.7%。出苗-孕穗期降水量(PE-B)、抽穗-开花期降水量(PB-F)、开花-乳熟期最低温度(TminF-MR)和孕穗-抽穗期总辐射(SB-H)4个因子决定冀北坝上地区燕麦产量变异的70%。[结论]品种多样性提高冀北坝上地区燕麦种子产量和年际间产量稳定性,并且品种多样性的产量优势在干旱年份更加明显。[Objective]The Bashang region of northern Hebei Province has low oat production with significant interannual fluctu⁃ations.Exploring the effects of crop diversity on the stability of oat seed production is crucial for ensuring high and stable yields in the region.[Methods]Six oat varieties including Bayou 3,Mengyan 1,Bayan 6,Tianyanmai,Baiyan 18,and KONA(America)were selected as experimental materials.The growth period and yield changes of different varieties from 2017-2019 were studied,and the meteorological determinants of oat yield variability were revealed.[Results]The growth period of differ⁃ent oat varieties ranged from 78 to 99 days,with Bayou 3 having the longest growth period.Interannual variability of growth pe⁃riod was high within the same variety.The yields of six varieties in 2017,2018 and 2019 were 2872.51~5860.55 kg·ha^(-1),3194.70~4841.50 kg·ha^(-1),and 3117.50~5193.75 kg·ha^(-1),respectively,with interannual variability of 11.7%to 29.2%.The average yields of the six varieties were 4424.61,4158.46,and 3865.71 kg·ha^(-1),respectively.The advantages of crop di⁃versity was more obvious in drought year(2019).Crop diversity significantly reduced interannual yield variability,with an inter⁃annual variability rate of only 6.7%for the average yield of the six varieties.Four factors,namely,precipitation from emer⁃gence to panicle formation(PE-B),precipitation from heading to flowering(PB-F),minimum temperature from flowering to milk-ripe stage(TminF-MR),and total radiation from panicle formation to heading(SB-H),accounted for 70%of oat yield variability in the Bashang region of northern Hebei province.[Conclusion]Crop diversity can improve oat grain yield and annual yield stability in the Bashang region of northern Hebei Province.The yield advantage of crop diversity was more obvious in drought years.

关 键 词：燕麦 品种多样性 冀北坝上地区 产量 稳定性 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]