燕麦小区育种脱粒装置性能试验与参数优化  

Performance test and parameter optimization of a breeding threshing device for oat plots

作　　者：王嘉伟[1] 王浩[1] 简鸿亮 黄志杰 郑德聪[1] Wang Jiawei;Wang Hao;Jian Hongliang;Huang Zhijie;Zheng Decong(College of Agricultural Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期56-66,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-07-D-2);山西省博士毕业生来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXBYKY2021074);山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2021BQ18)。

摘　　要：[目的]为进一步提升燕麦小区育种脱粒装置的工作性能。[方法]选取脱粒滚筒转速、风机转速和喂入量为因素,以破碎率、损失率和含杂率为指标,分别进行单因素试验探究各个因素对指标的影响规律。[结果]确定了脱粒滚筒转速范围900~1000 r·min^(-1)、风机转速范围1000~1200 r·min^(-1)、喂入量范围4~8穗。在此基础上开展三因素中心旋转组合正交试验,建立了各因素与破碎率、损失率和含杂率的数学回归模型,得到三因素对破碎率影响的主次顺序为脱粒滚筒转速、喂入量、风机转速,得到三因素对损失率和含杂率影响的主次顺序为风机转速、脱粒滚筒转速、喂入量,并通过响应面分析探究各因素两两交互作用对每个指标的影响规律。[结论]试验结果表明:该脱粒装置工作性能最佳参数组合为脱粒滚筒转速946.4 r·min^(-1)、风机转速1097.4 r·min^(-1)、喂入量7.6穗。验证试验表明,该条件下破碎率0.58%、损失率2.07%、含杂率2.56%,说明通过性能试验和参数优化可有效降低燕麦种子脱粒过程中的破碎率、损失率和含杂率,使得燕麦小区育种脱粒装置性能得到显著提升。[Objective]Current study was designed to further improve the operational performance of the oat breeding threshing device in the test field.[Methods]The threshing roller speed,fan speed,and feeding amount were selected as factors,and the threshing rate,loss rate,and impurity rate were used as indicators to explore the effect of each factor on the indicators through single-factor experiments.[Results]The threshing roller speed range was determined to be 900~1000 r·min^(-1);the fan speed range was 1000~1200 r·min^(-1),and the feeding amount range was 4~8 spikes.On this basis,a three-factor central rotation or⁃thogonal test was carried out,and a mathematical regression model was established for each factor and the threshing rate,loss rate,and impurity rate.The primary and secondary order of the three factors’impact on the threshing rate was determined to be the threshing roller speed,feeding amount,and fan speed.The primary and secondary order of three factors’impact on the loss rate and impurity rate was determined to be the fan speed,threshing roller speed,and feeding amount.[Conclusion]The experimental results showed that the optimal parameter combination for the operation of the threshing device was the threshing roller speed of 946.4 r·min^(-1),a fan speed of 1097.4 r·min^(-1),and a feeding amount of 7.6 spikes.The verification test showed that the threshing rate,loss rate,and impurity rate were 0.58%,2.07%,and 2.56%,respectively,under these condi⁃tions,indicating that the performance of the oat breeding threshing device can be significantly improved by reducing the thresh⁃ing rate,loss rate,and impurity rate during the oat seed threshing process through performance testing and parameter optimiza⁃tion.

关 键 词：燕麦 育种 脱粒装置 试验 参数优化 

分 类 号：S225.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]