河南寒武系苗岭统微生物成因构造与后生动物扰动构造的交替发育  

Alternation of Microbiogenic Structures and Metazoan Bioturbated Structures from the Cambrian Miaoling Series of Henan

作　　者：张彦欣 齐永安[1,2] 刘炳辰 代明月[1,2] 王敏[1,2] 李妲 ZHANG YanXin;QI YongAn;LIU BingChen;DAI MingYue;WANG Min;LI Da(School of Resources and Environment,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China;Key Laboratory of Biogenic Traces and Sedimentary Minerals of Henan Province,Jiaozuo,Henan 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454003 [2]河南省生物遗迹与成矿过程重点实验室,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《沉积学报》2023年第3期693-705,共13页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41872111,41902115,41902113)。

摘　　要：河南寒武系苗岭统发育了大量微生物成因构造(叠层石和凝块石)和后生动物扰动构造(遗迹化石)。登封馒头组三段下部以叠层石灰岩及含垂直潜穴鲕粒灰岩的交替发育为特征,常被风暴作用导致的凹凸不平界面所分隔,叠层石形成于中等能量的滩间坪环境,而垂直潜穴发育于持续搅动的高能鲕粒滩环境;登封张夏组底部以凝块石灰岩和生物扰动构造灰岩的交替发育为特征,常以厚薄不均的泥岩层为分界面,二者均形成于正常浪基面之下的深水低能环境;卫辉崮山组以叠层石灰岩和生物扰动构造灰岩的交替发育为特征,二者以凹凸不平的界面或薄泥岩层相分隔,叠层石保存于中等能量的潮间坪沉积,而生物扰动构造则形成于低能的台地缓斜坡。当环境条件有利于微生物成席时(如清洁的水体、稳定的水动力条件和坚硬的底质),微生物成因沉积构造和微生物席底会大量发育。当环境条件不适合微生物席发育时(如浑浊的水体、交替变化的水动力条件和松软的底质),后生动物便开始在沉积物中掘穴,留下各类后生动物扰动构造和混合底。Abundant microbiogenic structures(stromatolites and thrombolites) and metazoan bioturbated structures(trace fossils) are developed in the Cambrian Miaoling Series of Henan.The lower part of the Third member of the Mantou Formation in the Dengfeng area is dominated by the alternation of stromatolites and oolitic limestones with vertical burrows,which are often separated by the uneven interface caused by storms.The stromatolites were formed in a medium-energy inter-shoal flat environment,while the vertical burrows were developed in a continuously stirred high-energy oolitic shoal environment.The bottom of the Zhangxia Formation in the Dengfeng area is characterized by the alternating development of thrombolites and bioturbated limestones,often with an uneven thickness of mudstones as the interface,both of which were formed in the deep-water low-energy environment below the normal wave base.The Gushan Formation of the Weihui area is developed with the alternation of stromatolites and bioturbated limestones,which are separated by an uneven interface or thin mudstone layer.The stromatolites were preserved in medium energy intertidal flat deposits,while the bioturbated structures were formed in a low-energy gentle-slope Platform.The microbiogenic structures and matgrounds were widely developed in the sediments when sedimentary environment conditions(such as clean waters,stable hydrodynamic conditions,and hard substrates) are conducive to the formation of microbial mats.The metazoans began to excavate the sediments and formed various bioturbated structures and mixgrounds,when sedimentary environment conditions(such as muddy waters,alternating hydrodynamic conditions,and soft substrates) were not conducive to the formation of microbial mats.

关 键 词：交替发育 寒武系 后生动物扰动构造 控制因素 微生物成因构造 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学]