基于关联规则的儿童户外活动空间偏好研究——以杭州三个社区公园为例  

A Study on Children's Space Preference for Outdoor Activities Based on Association Rules:A Case Study of Three Community Parks in Hangzhou

作　　者：章晶晶[1] 项湫涯 胡广[1] 麻欣瑶[1] 卢山[1] ZHANG Jingjing;XIANG Qiuya;HU Guang;MA Xinyao;LU Shan

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学建筑工程学院,杭州310018 [2]香港理工大学设计学院,中国香港100872

出　　处：《中国园林》2023年第5期69-74,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(编号:19NDJC231YB);国家自然科学基金项目面上项目(编号:32171570)共同资助。

摘　　要：社区公园是儿童户外活动的重要承载空间。研究儿童在社区公园的行为偏好及空间需求对增加儿童户外活动机会、提升社区公园品质和促进环境公平具有重要意义。以杭州市3个社区公园为研究对象,采用行为注记法获取儿童活动空间分布特征,运用关联规则、核密度分析和多因素方差分析等方法,研究儿童户外活动与社区公园空间和环境要素之间的关系。研究发现,社区公园中儿童不同活动类型对空间的偏好度存在显著差异:自然活动对特定空间的偏好度最高,主要集中在有沙、水体和草坪的空间;功能活动和规则活动的空间偏好度次之,多发生在器械区、广场等设施丰富或面积较大的场地;休闲活动与大部分空间都具有关联性,分布较均衡。设施、基底类型和植被覆盖等环境要素与儿童活动空间选择的关联性较强。以此为基础,提出以儿童活动偏好为导向的社区公园规划设计建议。Community park is an important carrier space for children's outdoor activities.Studying children's behavioral preferences and spatial demands in community park is important for increasing the opportunities of children's outdoor activities,improving the quality of community parks and promoting environmental equity.Taking three community parks in Hangzhou as the research objects,this paper uses behavior mapping to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of children's activities,and applies association rules,kernel density analysis and multi-factor ANOVA to study the relationship between children's outdoor activities and spatial and environmental elements in community park.It is found that there are significant differences in the preference of space for different types of children's activities.Nature activities have the highest spaces preference,mainly concentrated in spaces with sand,water and lawns.Functional and regular activities have the next highest preference for space,mostly occurring in spaces with abundant facilities or larger areas such as apparatus areas and squares.Recreational activities are associated with most of the spaces and evenly distributed.Environmental elements such as facilities,substrate type and vegetation cover are more correlated with children's activity space selection.Based on this,some community park planning and design proposals oriented to children's activity preference are proposed.

关 键 词：风景园林 关联规则 社区公园 儿童户外活动 空间偏好 环境要素 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]