基于“大数据+人工智能”科研范式的黑土地保护与利用智能决策  

“Big Data-Artificial Intelligence”Scientific Research Paradigm for Intelligent Decision-Making in Black Soil Conservation and Utilization

作　　者：李之超 廖晓勇[1,2] 姚启星 董金玮 李泽红[1,2] 李静 LI Zhichao;LIAO Xiaoyong;YAO Qixing;DONG Jinwei;LI Zehong;LI Jing(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《数据与计算发展前沿》2023年第3期39-48,共10页Frontiers of Data & Computing

基　　金：基于“大数据+人工智能”黑土地退化修复的种植模式推荐与应用示范(CAS-WX2023SF-0102)。

摘　　要：【目的】我国黑土地受到多种自然和人类活动因素的影响,其退化问题多样以及退化程度存在明显的空间差异,为黑土地保护与利用带来挑战。在此背景下,本文拟提出基于“大数据+人工智能”的黑土地保护与利用智能决策的科研范式,实现退化问题的智能诊断以及关键保护与利用技术在黑土地全域的科学、精准和智能推荐。【方法】本文通过对国内外土壤保护与利用的文献调研,结合星、空、地、网多源观测技术和机器学习、深度学习等人工智能方法,提出了面向黑土保护与利用的智能决策和应用示范的科研范式。【结果】黑土保护与利用新科研范式的五项关键技术,包括多源数据汇聚与处理、黑土信息一张图制备、黑土地退化问题智能诊断、保护与利用技术集构建以及黑土地退化修复智能决策。【结论】本文提出的科研范式有助于我国黑土地退化问题与技术措施的智能匹配,实现黑土地保护与利用的精细化、智慧化和高效化。[Objective]The black soil in China is affected by various natural and human factors.The degradation problems are diverse,and the degree of degradation shows obvious spatial heterogeneity,posing challenges for black soil protection and utilization.In this context,this study proposes a scientific research paradigm for intelligent decision-making in black soil conservation and utilization based on big data and artificial intelligence,which realizes intelligent diagnosis of degradation problems and generates the scientific,accurate,and intelligent recommendation of key technologies for black soil conservation and utilization in China.[Methods]This paper conducts a literature review on black soil conservation and utilization and proposes a new research paradigm based on big data obtained by satellites,unmanned aerial vehicles,ground monitoring apparatuses,Internet of Things,and artificial intelligence methods.[Results]The new research paradigm consists of five key technologies,including collection and processing of multi-source data,generation of black soil information,diagnosis of black soil degradation,construction of the conservation and utilization technology set,and intelligent decision-making for black soil degradation restoration.[Conclusions]The proposed research paradigm contributes to achieving the precise,intelligent,and efficient black soil conservation and utilization by intelligent matching of black soil degradation problems and the technologies.

关 键 词：黑土地 保护与利用 退化诊断 智能决策 应用示范 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学] F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]