炼化污水处理厂浮渣及其有机分子组成解析  

Analysis of scum and its organic molecular composition in a refinery wastewater treatment plant

作　　者：姜越 聂凡 吴百春 史权 李玉果[3,4] 李硕凡 邵志国 Jiang Yue;Nie Fan;Wu Baichun;Shi Quan;Li Yuguo;Li Shuofan;Shao Zhiguo(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control,Beijing,China;CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China;State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil,Beijing,China;China University of Petroleum,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室 [2]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司 [3]重质油国家重点实验室 [4]中国石油大学(北京)

出　　处：《石油与天然气化工》2023年第3期107-117,共11页Chemical engineering of oil & gas

基　　金：中国石油集团公司发展与科技基础工作决策支持研究项目“炼化企业碳基废物资源循环与能量回收机制研究”(2020D-5008);国家重点研发计划课题“石油污染土壤绿色清洗-热脱附修复关键技术及成套装备”(2018YFC1801903)。

摘　　要：目的含油浮渣是炼化污水处理过程产生的主要危险废物,深入解析浮渣中乳化油和溶解性有机物(DOM)等有机分子组成,为浮渣的处理、协同处置、资源回收的工艺条件选择与设计提供具有指导性的意见。方法建立了浮渣组分分离分析方法,通过萃取及柱色谱分离等方法富集浮渣中的乳化油、DOM与无机组分,并利用X射线衍射、气相色谱质谱联用、静电场轨道阱质谱等手段,分析了炼化污水处理厂浮渣中的无机物组成及各相的有机分子组成。结果被测浮渣样品中,挥发性有机物主要由正构烷烃、环烷烃和苯系物等组成;分离得到的乳化油和DOM中含有大量具有较好亲水性的高度聚合的含氧、氮类杂原子化合物,如烷基苯类磺酸盐及其衍生物、聚氧乙烯醚、含氮类极性化合物等;浮渣中存在以聚合硫酸铁、石英等为基质的固体悬浮微粒。结论在烷基苯类磺酸盐等表面活性剂,强极性的含氧、氮、硫类杂原子化合物及石英等固体微粒的共同作用下,浮渣表现出高含油、高含水的非均质稳定多相体系特征。Objective Oil-bearing scum is the main hazardous waste generated from the refinery wastewater treatment process.In-depth analysis of the organic molecular composition of emulsified oil and dissolved organic matter(DOM)in scum has guiding significance for the selection and design of process conditions for treatment,co-disposal and resource recovery of scum.Methods Emulsified oil,DOM and inorganic matter were enriched in the scum by extraction and column chromatography separation,and the inorganic composition and the organic molecular composition of each phase in the scum of the refinery wastewater treatment plant were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling,and electrostatic field orbital trap mass spectrometry.Results It was found that the VOCs in the tested scum samples consisted mainly of n-alkanes,cycloalkanes and benzene series.The emulsified oil and DOM obtained by separation contained a large number of highly polymerized oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing heteroatom compounds with good hydrophilicity,such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and their derivatives,polyoxyethylene ethers,fluorine-containing polar compounds.The scum contains suspended solid particles based on polymerized ferric sulfate,quartz,etc.Conclusions Under the combined action of surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonates,strongly polar heteroatom compounds containing oxygen,nitrogen and sulfur,and solid particles such as quartz,scum tends to show a heterogeneous stable multiphase system with high oil and water content.

关 键 词：炼化污水 浮渣 乳化油 溶解性有机物 有机分子 固体微粒 

分 类 号：X742[环境科学与工程—环境工程]