甘肃省石窟的时空分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the grottoes in Gansu Province

作　　者：张新红[1] 杨海勤 李红军 ZHANG Xinhong;YANG Haiqin;LI Hongjun(School of Art and Design,Key Laboratory of Urban and Architectural Heritage Conservation ofMinistry of Education(SEU-NWC),Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院/东南大学城市与建筑遗产保护教育部重点实验室(西北中心),甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期401-412,共12页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42261034,52168005)。

摘　　要：时空分布特征研究是历史文化遗产空间整合保护的必要前提和重要依据。以甘肃省166处石窟为例,借助GIS空间分析技术,对其时空分布特征及影响因素进行了探析。研究发现:①石窟的开龛造像呈现出先增加后减少再增加的演变趋势,魏晋南北朝和隋唐五代时期是开龛造像的高峰期;②甘肃东部形成了以天水和平凉为核心的带状高密度区,自魏晋南北朝至明清时期新开凿窟龛的高密度区依次为天水、酒泉和张掖;③石窟空间分布在不同时期发生了明显移动,分布重心表现出由东南移至西北、再持续向东南转移的特征;④石窟的时空分布主要受到地形、河流水系、地层岩性以及政治经济、佛教发展和道路交通等因素的影响。研究结论对于甘肃石窟的整合保护、价值传承和持续利用具有重要的参考意义。The research on spatial and temporal distribution is a necessary prerequisite and important basis for the spatial integration and protection of historical and cultural heritage.Taking 166 grottoes in Gansu Province as an example,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of grottoes were analyzed by GIS spatial analysis technology.The results show that:①The open niche statues in grottoes show an evolutionary trend of increasing first and then decreasing and then increasing,with the peak periods of open niche statues in Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties,Sui,Tang and Five dynasties.②A belt-shaped high-density area with Tianshui and Pingliang as the core has been formed in eastern Gansu.From the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the high density area of new grottoes was Tianshui,Jiuquan and Zhangye.③The spatial distribution of grottoes shifted significantly in different periods,and the distribution center of grottoes shifted from the southeast to the northwest and then continued to the southeast.④The spatial and temporal distribution of grottoes is mainly affected by topography,river system,stratum lithology,political economy,buddhism development,road traffic and other factors.This has important reference significance for the integrated protection,value inheritance and sustainable utilization of the grottoes in Gansu Province.

关 键 词：石窟 时空分布 影响因素 空间分析 甘肃省 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]