认知与动作任务介入对人体下楼梯姿势控制和身体动态稳定性的影响  

Effects of Cognitive Task and Motion Task Interventions on Postural Control and Dynamic Stability when Walking Downstairs

作　　者：曹传宝 马刚 马敏卿[1] 孙威[3] 何海燕[1] 郭希军[1] 史东林[1] Cao Chuanbao;Ma Gang;Ma Minqing;Sun Wei;He Haiyan;Guo Xijun;Shi Donglin(Hebei Sports University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force,Tianjin 300309,China;Shandong Sports University,Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北体育学院,河北石家庄050000 [2]武警后勤学院,天津300309 [3]山东体育学院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2023年第3期184-190,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006700);河北省重点研发计划(22375701D)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同类型的双任务介入对人体下楼梯姿势控制能力和身体稳定性的影响。方法:随机招募20名无运动习惯的青年受试者,在单任务(ST)、认知任务(CT)、动作任务(MT)三种状态下进行下楼梯行走,利用Vicon红外运动捕捉系统及Kistler三维测力台捕捉人体楼梯行走的数据,利用步态参数、力学参数及动态稳度对楼梯行走的姿势控制能力和动态稳定性进行量化评定。结果:三种任务状态下的下肢关节力矩变化趋势相同;与ST相比,CT与MT两种双任务分别介入后都显著降低了下楼梯行走的步速(P<0.05)、伸膝力矩峰值(P<0.05)、跖屈力矩峰值(P<0.05)、动态稳度(P<0.05);CT与MT之间相比较未见显著性差异。结论:双任务的执行增加下楼梯行走跌倒的风险;CT与MT对人体楼梯行走的姿势控制能力和动态稳定性影响相似;建议人们在下楼梯行走中尽量避免执行其他任务,若要执行多种任务,可选择降低步速、轻踏台阶作为预防跌倒的策略。Objective To explore the effect of different dual-task interventions on human posture control and body stability during walking downstairs.Methods Twenty young participants without regular exercise habits were randomly recruited to walk downstairs in single-task(ST),cognitive-task(CT),and motor-task(MT)states.The Vicon infrared motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform were used to capture data in the stair descent.Moreover,the postural control and body stability were quantitatively evaluated using gait and biomechanical parameters,as well as dynamic stability indexes.Results In all the three task states,the joint torque of lower limbs were similar.Compared to ST,both CT and MT significantly reduced the walking speed(P<0.05),peak knee extensor torque(P<0.05),peak ankle plantarflexor torque(P<0.05),and dynamic stability(P<0.05)during stair descent.However,no significant differences were observed between CT and MT states.Conclusion Dual-task execution increases the risk of falling when going downstairs.CT and MT have similar effects on human posture control and dynamic stability in such descent.It is suggested that people should avoid performing other tasks while walking downstairs.If multiple tasks must be performed,such measures as reducing walking speed and stepping lightly on stairs may be taken to avoid falling.

关 键 词：双任务 楼梯行走 动态稳度 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]