电动拖拉机机械电磁式振动馈能装置设计与性能研究  

Design and performance of a mechanical electromagnetic vibration energy feeder for electric tractors

作　　者：李岩[1] 王威[1] 崔永杰[1,2] 吴科洪 宋玉玲 LI Yan;WANG Wei;CUI Yongjie;WU Kehong;SONG Yuling(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部农业物联网重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]陕西省农业信息感知与智能服务重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第7期133-143,154,共12页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700800);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2017NY-176);齐鲁工业大学国际合作资助项目(QLUTGJHZ2018022)。

摘　　要：【目的】基于能量回收再利用的原理提出一种机械电磁式振动馈能装置,为解决电动拖拉机电池电量匮乏与持续工作时间短等问题提供参考。【方法】采用双单向离合器和齿轮齿条机构设计机械电磁式振动馈能装置,将其安装在电动拖拉机底盘与动力电池组之间,对装置的机械传动进行理论分析,考虑齿轮啮合副的啮合阻尼、时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、综合传递误差以及单向离合器储备间隙等因素,建立振动馈能装置的动力学模型。对该模型特性进行分析,并就位移激励频率、振幅和外部负载对装置能量回收性能的影响规律进行仿真分析。最后试制样机,进行台架试验。【结果】仿真和台架试验结果显示,在位移激励频率为4 Hz、振幅为6.0 mm和外部负载为120Ω的工况下,振动馈能装置的能量回收率最大,分别为34.94%和33.04%。同时,根据装置的电能再生率曲线可知,当位移激励一定时,电能再生率随外部负载的增大而增大;位移激励振幅越大,频率越大,装置的电能再生率也越大。【结论】所设计的机械电磁式振动馈能装置可以满足电动拖拉机振动能量回收的要求,具有明显的能量回收性能,能够为电动拖拉机振动能量的回收和电能补给提供技术支撑。【Objective】Based on the principle of energy recovery and reuse,a mechanical electromagnetic vibration energy feeder was proposed to solve the problems of battery power scarcity and short continuous working time of electric tractors.【Method】The structure of the vibration energy feeder was designed by double one-way clutches and the rack-pinion,which was installed between electric tractor chassis and power battery pack.Mechanical transmission of the device was analyzed theoretically,and the dynamics model of vibratory energy feeder was established by considering meshing damping,time-varying meshing stiffness,tooth side clearance,integrated transfer error and reserve clearance of one-way clutch.Then,the characteristics of the model were analyzed,and the influences of displacement excitation frequency,amplitude and external load on the energy recovery performance were simulated and analyzed.Finally,the prototype was trial-produced for bench tests.【Result】The maximum energy regeneration rates of the vibration energy feeder based on simulation and bench test for displacement excitation amplitude of 6.0 mm,frequency of 4 Hz and external load of 120Ωwere 34.94%and 33.04%,respectively.According to the energy regeneration rate curve,the energy regeneration rate increased with the increase of external load at fixed displacement excitation.Larger excitation amplitude led to larger frequency and greater energy regeneration rate.【Conclusion】The designed mechanical electromagnetic vibration energy feeder can meet the requirements of electric tractor vibration energy recovery with good energy recovery performance,which can provide technical support for electric tractor vibration energy recovery.

关 键 词：电动拖拉机 振动馈能 动力学特性 电能再生率 

分 类 号：S219.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S210.4[农业科学—农业工程]