拱形地铁站厅火灾排烟口位置优化及补风方式研究  

Optimization of the fire smoke outlet position in the arched subway station hall and research on the way of supplementing the air

作　　者：姚胜旺 付海明[1] 王文锋 孙沛远 YAO Shengwang;FU Haiming;WANG Wenfeng;SUN Peiyuan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《东华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期122-129,148,共9页Journal of Donghua University(Natural Science)

摘　　要：针对某拱形“十”字型换乘地铁站,通过理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究拱形站厅层发生火灾时,侧部排烟模式下排烟口处烟气层的吸穿问题以及主侧排烟口位置对拱形站厅排烟效果的影响,并探讨开启站台层机械补风以及打开站台层屏蔽门进行自然补风的两种补风模式对站厅层机械排烟的影响。结果表明:拱形站厅的主侧排烟口对整个站厅的排烟效果起着决定性作用;当主侧排烟口与站厅拱顶的距离在1.8 m以内时,主侧排烟口开始接触并排除烟气的时间相近;主侧排烟口与站厅拱顶的间距越大,火灾发生时主侧排烟口附近烟气层越容易发生吸穿现象,得到拱形站厅内2.5 MW火灾情况下主侧排烟口距拱顶间距的适宜范围。建议站厅层发生火灾时,开启站台机械补风或站台屏蔽门,从而为站厅层提供更安全的环境。For a certain arched“cross”type transfer subway station,the problem of smoke inhalation through the side smoke exhaust mode and the influence of the location of main smoke outlet on the smoke exhaust effect of the arched subway station were studied by the method of combining theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,and the influence of opening mechanical air replenishment on the platform floor and natural air replenishment by opening the screen door on the platform floor was discussed.The study results show that:the smoke outlet on the main side of vaulted arched station hall plays a decisive role in the smoke exhaust effect of the whole station hall;when the distance between the main side smoke outlet and the arch of the station hall is within 1.8 m,the time when the smoke outlet starts to contact and remove the smoke is almost the same;with the distance between the smoke vent and the vault increases,the smoke layer near the smoke outlet is more likely to be sucked through when a fire occurs,and the suitable range of the distance between the main side smoke outlet and the arch in the case of 2.5 MW fire in the vaulted arched station hall is obtained;it is suggested that when a fire occurs in the station hall,the mechanical ventilation of the platform or the screen door of the platform should be opened to provide a safer environment for the station hall.

关 键 词：拱形地铁站厅 火灾 排烟口位置 补风方式 吸穿 侧部排烟 火灾数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]