咖啡叶枯病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Study on the Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogen of Coffee Leaf Blight

作　　者：陆英[1] 吴伟怀[1] 黄兴[1] 贺春萍[1] 梁艳琼[1] 易克贤[1,2] LU Ying;WU Weihuai;HUANG Xing;HE Chunping;LIANG Yanqiong;YI Kexian(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forest Pest Invasive,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Detection and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests in Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 571101;Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572025)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/农业农村部热带农业绿色低碳重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室/海南省热带作物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心,海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚572025

出　　处：《热带农业工程》2023年第2期103-108,共6页Tropical Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“拟茎点霉(phomopsis heveicola)侵染咖啡叶片的组织病理学研究”(No.321RC619);海南省院士创新平台资金资助。

摘　　要：咖啡叶枯病是制约咖啡产业发展的重要因素之一,对病原菌的分离鉴定和生物学特性进行研究,旨在为咖啡叶枯病的防治提供参考。采集具有咖啡叶枯病典型症状的咖啡叶片,通过对病原菌培养特性、形态特征、rDNA-ITS、β-tublin、EF1-α基因的序列比对,采用菌丝生长法和镜检孢子量测定温度、pH、光照、碳源和氮源对病原菌的影响。结果表明,引起咖啡叶枯病的病原菌为橡胶生拟茎点霉菌Phomopsis heveicola(有性态为Diaporthe tulliensis)和2种类型的分生孢子(α和ß分生孢子),α分生孢子为单细胞,长4~6μm,宽2~3μm,呈卵形至椭圆形,内含1~2个油滴;ß分生孢子呈线性一端呈钩状,长20~30μm。菌株生长最适温度范围为25~30℃,致死温度为55℃,最适pH为6,黑暗条件对菌丝生长更为有利,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为硝酸钾。The isolation,identification and biological characteristics of the pathogen of coffee leaf blight are studied to provide references for the prevention and control of coffee leaf blight.The Coffee leaves with the typical symptoms of coffee leaf blight are collected by comparing sequentially the cultural features,morphological characteristics,rDNA-ITS,β-tublin and EF1-αgenes of the pathogen.The effects of temperature,pH values,light,carbon source and nitrogen source on the pathogen are determined by mycelium growth method and microscopic examination of spore count.The results indicate that causing the pathogen of coffee leaf blight is Phomopsis heveicola(Sexual state is Diaporthe tulliensis)and two types of conidia(αandßconidia).Theαconidia is a single cell,4~6μm long and 2~3μm wide,ovoid to oval,containing 1~2 oil drops;Theßconidia is linear with hook-shaped at one end,with a length of 20~30μm.The optimum temperature range for the growth of the strain is 25~30℃,while the lethal temperature is 55℃,the optimum pH is 6,the darkness condition is more favorable for mycelium growth,the best carbon source is maltose and the best nitrogen source is potassium nitrate.

关 键 词：咖啡叶枯病 橡胶生拟茎点霉菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.712[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]