我国口岸营商环境便利化水平地区差异及分布动态演进  

Regional Differences and Distribution Dynamic Evolution of China’s Port Business Environment Facilitation

作　　者：李迪 谢晶[2] LI Di;XIE Jing(Shanghai Jian Qiao University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Customs College,Shanghai 201204,China)

机构地区：[1]上海建桥学院,上海201306 [2]上海海关学院,上海201204

出　　处：《上海对外经贸大学学报》2023年第3期37-49,共13页Journal of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“新冠肺炎疫情对经济社会的冲击及地方公共政府协同应对机制研究”(项目编号:20BJL018);海关总署科研项目“我国对外货物贸易统计数据质量评估研究——基于Benford法则和主成分空间面板模型”(项目编号:2022HK102);国家重点研发计划项目“生物事件综合应对示范应用技术体系及标准规范”(项目编号:2022YFC2602400)的资助。

摘　　要：在双循环新发展格局下,海关作为连接国际、国内两大市场的纽带越来越受到重视,其所在地区的口岸营商环境成为影响企业开展跨境贸易、投资的关键因素。然而,我国口岸营商环境便利化发展存在非平衡现象。本文以直属海关层面统计的通关时间作为口岸营商环境便利化的代理变量,分别在进口、出口方式下,利用Dagum基尼系数考察了我国口岸营商环境便利化水平的地区差异及其来源结构分解,并基于Kernel密度估计和Markov链方法揭示了我国口岸营商环境便利化水平的动态演进趋势。本文研究发现:第一,样本考察期内,我国口岸营商环境便利化水平地区差异明显,其中,京津冀地区口岸进口营商环境受疫情影响较大,长江经济带和广东地区口岸出口营商环境具有较强的通关韧性;第二,整体层面上,我国口岸营商环境便利化水平的区域间差异和超变密度是整体差异的主要来源,且区域内差异贡献率相对较低;第三,随着时间增长,我国口岸营商环境便利化水平地区差异存在动态收敛特征,且出口方式下的收敛趋势更为显著;第四,随着时间跨度增长,我国口岸营商环境便利化水平呈现稳定状态,尤其是进口方式下便利化程度高的地区将保持不变。因此,口岸地区政府应当加强海关科技创新,推进跨关区人员交流工作,增强执法主体间协作关系以及强化执法机构的事中事后监管能力。Under the new development pattern of double-cycle,customs as a link between the international and domestic markets is gaining more and more attention,and the business environment of ports in its region has become a key factor affecting enterprises’cross-border trade and investment.However,the development of business environment facilitation at China’s ports is unbalanced,and there is an urgent need to analyze the regional differences and the dynamic evolution of its distribution.In this paper,the regional differences of China’s port business environment facilitation level and its source structure decomposition are investigated by means of Dagum Gini coeffi cient under import and export modes respectively,and using customs clearance time at the direct customs level as a proxy variable for port business environment facilitation;the dynamic evolution of China’s port business environment facilitation level is revealed based on Kernel density estimation and Markov chain method.The study fi nds that:fi rstly,the regional differences in the level of business environment facilitation at China’s ports are obvious during the sample period,among which,the import business environment in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is more affected by the epidemic,and the export business environment in Yangtze River Economic Belt and Guangdong region have stronger resilience in customs clearance;secondly,at the overall level,the intra-regional differences in the facilitation level of China’s port business environment and the hyper-variance density are the main sources of the overall differences;thirdly,with the growth of time,there is a dynamic convergence of regional differences in the facilitation level of China’s port business environment,and the convergence trend is more signifi cant under the export mode;fourthly,with the growth of time span,the facilitation level of China’s port business environment shows a stable state,especially the areas with high facilitation level under the import mode will remain unchanged.Therefo

关 键 词：口岸营商环境 便利化 地区差异 动态演进 通关时间 

分 类 号：F745[经济管理—国际贸易]