三星堆古象牙埋藏层土质分析  

Study on the Buried Layer Soil Around Ancient Ivory in Sanxingdui

作　　者：邓建国 朱雯莉 龚敏 许雨欣 DENG Jianguo;ZHU Wenli;GONG Min;XU Yuxin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Zigong 643000,China;Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Zigong 643000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学材料科学与工程学院,四川自贡643000 [2]材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室,四川自贡643000

出　　处：《四川轻化工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期20-27,共8页Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点项目(2021YFS0401);材料腐蚀与防护四川省重点实验室开放基金项目(2020CL20);四川轻化工大学人才引进项目(2020RC13)。

摘　　要：三星堆古象牙等大量文物的出土,为研究古蜀国文明及华夏文明提供了重要的实物资料。而三星堆出土古象牙大都已糟朽(粉化),因此对三星堆古象牙埋藏土壤的研究显得尤为重要。采用X-射线荧光光谱、X-射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱、扫描电镜以及热重等研究了三星堆古象牙埋藏层土壤的元素组成、矿物结构及基团特征。结果表明:三星堆古象牙埋藏土呈弱酸性,含水率在14%~42%之间;代表性象牙埋藏坑土样本K3-135中的主要元素为硅、铝、铁,共占86.475%,K8-177中主要元素为硅、铝、铁、钙,总含量为85.351%;其中K8-177土样中的钙含量是K3-135土样的2.4倍,磷含量为8.5倍,铜的含量为4.2倍,铜含量偏高可能是因为K8-177土样为青铜器接触样。K3-135和K8-177样本的主要矿物均为石英(α-SiO_(2)),存在少量含氧有机物及吸附水,未见碳酸盐矿物等受热分解物质;两样本成分与三星堆城墙土比较可初步推测古蜀国先民在祭祀坑中埋藏古象牙等相关文物时以砂质土为主。A large number of unearthed relics such as ancient ivory from Sanxingdui have been founded,which provides important physical material for the study on ancient Shu Kindom and even Chinese civilization.However,most ancient ivory excavated in Sanxingdui has deteriorated(powdered).Therefore,it is particularly important to study on the surrounding soil of ancient ivory in Sanxingdui.The elemental composition,mineral structure and group characteristics of buried layer soil around ancient ivory are investigated using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,laser-Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope and thermogravimetry,etc.The results suggest that the buried soil around ancient ivory shows weak acid,and contains 14%~42%water.The major elements are silicon,aluminum and iron,accounting for 86.475%in the representative buried soil sample of K3-135,while the major elements are silicon,aluminum,iron and calcium in K8-177,whose total content is 85.351%.Among which,the calcium,phosphorus and copper contents in the sample of K8-177 are 2.4,8.5 and 4.2 times as much as that of K3-135,respectively.The higher copper content of the sample K8-177 may be due to the contaction with bronze ware.The primary mineral of K3-135 and K8-177 are both quartz(α-SiO_(2)),which contains small amount of oxygen-containing organic compound and absorbed water,but no carbonate minerals and other decomposition.By comparing the components of the two soil samples with the wall soil of Sanxingdui,it can be concluded that the sandy soil is mainly used for burying the ancient ivory in the sacrificial pits by ancestors of ancient Shu Kingdom.

关 键 词：三星堆 古象牙埋藏土 光谱分析 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]