烟秆炭和有机肥配施对土壤主要养分及腐殖物质的影响  

Effects of combined tobacco stalk biochar and organic fertilizer on soil main nutrients and humus matter

作　　者：林瑛 何洁雯 陈星峰 曾文龙[4] 熊德中[2] 蔡海洋[2] LIN Ying;HE Jie-wen;CHEN Xing-feng;ZENG Wen-long;XIONG De-zhong;CAI Hai-yang(Fujian Forestry Vocational and technical College,Nanping Fujian 353000;College of Resources and Environment,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou Fujian 350002;Fujian Tobacco Quality Supervision&Test Station,Fuzhou Fujian 350001;Longyan Tobacco Branch Company,Longyan Fujian 364000)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院,福建南平353000 [2]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [3]福建省烟草质量监督检测站,福建福州350001 [4]福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司,福建龙岩364000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第3期24-32,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：中国烟草总公司福建省公司科技计划项目(2019350000240149);福建省烟草公司龙岩市公司项目(2019350800240039)。

摘　　要：为探究烟秆炭有机肥对土壤主要养分及腐殖物质的影响,通过室内土壤培育试验研究了单施有机肥、烟秆炭有机肥、单施烟秆炭对土壤主要养分及腐殖物质的影响。试验设置了8个处理,分别为对照(CK,单施有机肥),烟秆炭占有机肥比例为10%(B10)、20%(B20)、40%(B40)、60%(B60),单施烟秆炭100%(B100)、1/2量烟秆炭(BH)、1/4量烟秆炭(B2H)。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,烟秆炭有效地促进了土壤pH提升,以及土壤速效钾、全碳、全氮的含量,其中B100处理的速效钾和全碳含量的增幅分别为55.1%、132.1%。土壤有效磷含量总体上随烟秆炭量的增加而提升,但烟秆炭有机肥比单施烟秆炭提升效果好,以B60处理达最大(72.69 mg·kg^(-1)),B100处理次之(46.76 mg·kg^(-1))。而烟秆炭降低了土壤碱解氮含量,B100处理最低,较对照降低了21.3%。(2)烟秆炭能增加土壤交换性钙、交换性镁含量,随培育时间的延长,添加了烟秆炭的处理比单施有机肥提升效果更稳定。(3)烟秆炭明显增加了土壤有机碳和胡敏素含量。B100处理与对照相比,有机碳提升了68.6%,胡敏素增加了147.8%。在B10~B60处理中随烟秆炭比例的增加,土壤胡敏酸含量下降;在B2H~B100处理中随单施炭量增多,土壤胡敏酸含量则略有提升。土壤富里酸含量则以烟秆炭量最多的B100处理最低。总体看来,在施肥量相同的情况下,有机肥有利于土壤碱解氮提升,促进土壤胡敏酸、富里酸的形成。烟秆炭有利于土壤碳、全氮、速效钾、有效磷、交换性镁的增加。结合各项分析,含60%烟秆炭的有机肥(B60)处理既有利于土壤主要养分的提升,又有利于土壤腐殖物质的形成。In order to explore the effects of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer on soil main nutrients and humus substances,indoor soil cultivation experiment was conducted with organic fertilizer,tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer and tobacco stalk biochar.Eight treatments were set up,which were control treatment(CK,single application of organic fertilizer),tobacco stalk biochar accounted for 10%(B10),20%(B20),40%(B40),60%(B60)of organic fertilizer,and tobacco stalk biochar accounted for 100%(B100),1/2 amount of tobacco stalk biochar(BH),1/4 amount of tobacco stalk biochar(B2H).The results showed as follows:(1)compared with CK,tobacco stalk biochar effectively increased soil pH and the accumulation of soil available potassium,total carbon and total nitrogen,and the content of available potassium and total carbon in B100 treatment increased by 55.1%and 132.1%,respectively.The soil available phosphorus content increased with the increase of tobacco stalk carbon content,but the improvement effect of tobacco stalk biochar organic fertilizer was better than that of tobacco stalk biochar single application,among which B60 treatment was the largest(72.69 mg·kg^(-1)),B100 treatment was the second(46.76 mg·kg^(-1)).However,the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil was decreased by tobacco stalk biochar,and the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil under B100 treatment was the lowest,which was reduced by 21.3%,compared with the control.(2)Tobacco stalk biochar increased the exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg content in soil,and the effect of tobacco stalk biochar addition was more stable than that of organic fertilizer alone with the extension of incubation time.(3)Tobacco stalk biochar significantly increased soil organic carbon and humin content.Compared with CK,B100 treatment increased organic carbon by 68.6%and humin by 147.8%,respectively.In B10~B60 treatment,humic acid content in soil was decreased with the increase of tobacco stalk biochar ratio.In B2H~B100 treatment,humic acid content was

关 键 词：烟秆炭有机肥 土壤养分 腐殖物质 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]