氮磷钾配方施肥对赤苍藤生长效应的影响  

Influence of formula fertilization on the growth of Erythropalum scandens Bl.

作　　者：马道承 田湘 王凌晖[1] 滕维超[1] 覃杰 邵家茵 MA Dao-cheng;TIAN Xiang;WANG Ling-hui;TENG Wei-chao;QIN Jie;SHAO Jia-yin(College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning Guangxi 530004;Nanning Arboretum,Nanning Guangxi 530031)

机构地区：[1]广西大学林学院,广西南宁530004 [2]南宁树木园,广西南宁530031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2023年第3期55-64,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：广西林业科技项目(桂林科研[2021]16号);“南宁树木园林下木本蔬菜种植技术研究与示范”(南宁树木园科字2018-1号);广西高校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110593234);广西研究生教育创新计划资助项目(YCSW2022015)。

摘　　要：赤苍藤是华南、西南地区一种常见的木本蔬菜,其嫩茎叶具有很高的口感和营养价值,但目前其苗期植株培育、壮苗研究尚不明朗。针对目前其氮磷钾配方施肥研究匮乏的情况,采用“3414”施肥法,对1.5年生大新种源赤苍藤扦插苗进行追肥试验,旨在寻找一种适宜其苗期生长发育的氮磷钾肥料配比。研究结果表明,适当施肥可显著改善赤苍藤植株生长状况并促进其地上、地下部分生长发育。氮素在赤苍藤生长发育中起到重要作用,除T2(N0P2K2)处理外,大多数处理地上及地下部分生长状况较不施肥对照组(T1,N0P0K0)有显著提升。模糊隶属函数分析结果表明,赤苍藤植株施肥后平均隶属函数值由高到低的顺序依次为T5(N2P1K2)>T6(N2P2K2)>T3(N1P2K2)>T14(N2P1K1)>T10(N2P2K3)>T4(N2P0K2)>T9(N2P2K1)>T8(N2P2K0)>T12(N1P1K2)>T7(N2P3K2)>T11(N3P2K2)>T13(N1P2K1)>T1(N0P0K0)>T2(N0P2K2)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,T5处理(N 1 g/株+P_(2)O——(5)0.8 g/株+K_(2)O 0.8 g/株)、T6处理(N 1 g/株+P_(2)O_(5)1.6 g/株+K_(2)O 0.8 g/株)二者综合表现最好,植株生长旺盛,新芽叶数量多,枝条生长旺盛,根系茁壮。故氮肥合理施用及磷、钾肥合理配施是赤苍藤苗期培育的关键之处。As a common woody vegetable in south China and southwest China,the tender stems and leaves of Erythropalum scandens Bl.have good taste and high nutritional value,but the cultivation and researches on its seedling stage are not clear at present.Because of the lack of research on the characteristics of NPK formula fertilization at seedling stage,this study adopted“3414”formula fertilization method,and carried out topdressing experiment on 1.5-year-old E.scandens officinalis cutting seedlings from Daxin provenance,in order to find a suitable ratio of NPK fertilizer for its seedling growth and development.The results showed that proper fertilization could improve the plant growth and promote the growth and development of aboveground and underground parts.Nitrogen played an important role in the growth and development of E.scandens.Except for T2(N0P2K2)treatment,the growth of aboveground and underground parts of most treatments were significantly improved compared with the control group(T1,N0P0K0)without fertilization.The results of fuzzy membership function analysis showed that the average membership function value after fertilization was in descending order as follows:T5(N2P1K2)>T6(N2P2K2)>T3(N1P2K2)>T14(N2P1K1)>T10(N2P2K3)>T4(N2P0K2)>T9(N2P2K1)>T8(N2P2K0)>T12(N1P1K2)>T7(N2P3K2)>T11(N3P2K2>T13(N1P2K1)>T1(N0P0K0)>T2(N0P2K2).In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,T5 treatment(N 1 g/plant+P_(2)O_(5)0.8 g/plant+K_(2)O 0.8 g/plant)and T6 treatment(N 1 g/plant+P_(2)O_(5)1.6 g/plant+K_(2)O 0.8 g/plant)had the best comprehensive performance,with vigorous plant growth,abundant new buds and leaves,vigorous branches and strong roots.So rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and reasonable combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are the key points of seedling cultivation of E.scandens.

关 键 词：赤苍藤 氮磷钾施肥 地上部分生长 地下部分生长 

分 类 号：S649[农业科学—蔬菜学]