城市建筑废弃物对植物耗水量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Urban Construction Waste on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Plants

作　　者：许惠玉 程自豪 米美霞 王冲宁 XU Hui-yu;CHENG Zi-hao;MI Mei-xia;WANG Chong-ning(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学城乡建设学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第6期41-50,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41907012);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2017YJ02,2017ZZ12);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0169)。

摘　　要：通过研究城市土壤中常见建筑废弃物对植物耗水量和水分利用效率的影响,为城市绿化植物和土壤水分管理提供依据。在盆栽试验中,选择砖块、混凝土碎块和卵石3种建筑废弃物,设置20%和40%两个含量,土壤与建筑废弃物混合填装后种植典型绿化植物冬青卫矛(Euonymus japonicus Thunb.),以无建筑废弃物土壤为对照。定期测定土壤、建筑废弃物、建筑废弃物-土壤混合介质质量含水量,根据含水量变化得到植物耗水量,结合植物生物量,计算得到水分利用效率。结果表明:(1)与对照相比,研究期间20%砖块-土壤、40%砖块-土壤、20%混凝土碎块-土壤、40%混凝土碎块-土壤、20%卵石-土壤和40%卵石-土壤混合介质总耗水量分别减少25.8%、28.8%、23.0%、34.4%、21.8%和37.7%;(2)植物耗水过程中,建筑废弃物含水量开始减小的时间滞后于土壤,建筑废弃物具有缓解干旱的作用,且砖块优于混凝土碎块和卵石;(3)建筑废弃物混入具有提高植物水分利用效率的作用,砖块和混凝土碎块高含量处理植物水分利用效率比对照高32.8%和24.3%。综上所述,建筑废弃物与土壤混合后,降低土壤含水量,抑制植物耗水量,提高植物水分利用效率。可见,建筑废弃物具有缓解土壤干旱的作用,这对城市土壤水分高效利用具有重要意义。In this paper,the effects of common construction waste in soil on water consumption and water use efficiency of plants were studied to provide a theoretical reference for the management of greening plants and soil water in urban area.In the pot experiment,three types of construction waste-brick,concrete fragment and pebble-were selected.The two contents of construction wastes were 20%and 40%in volume.After a mixture of soil and construction waste,the typical greening plant(Euonymus japonicus Thunb.)was planted,and the soil without construction waste was taken as the control treatment.The mass water content of soil,construction waste,and construction waste-soil mixture was regularly measured.According to the change of water content,the water consumption of plants was obtained.The water use efficiency of plants was calculated by combining with plant biomass.The results showed that:compared with the control treatment,the total water consumption of 20%brick-soil mixture,40%brick-soil mixture,20%concrete fragment-soil mixture,40%concrete fragment-soil mixture,20%pebble-soil mixture and 40%pebble-soil mixture during the research decreased by 25.8%,28.8%,23.0%,34.4%,21.8%and 37.7%,respectively.The time when the water content of construction waste began to decrease lagged behind that of soil during the period when plants consumed water.Construction waste had the effect of alleviating drought,and brick was better than concrete fragment and pebbles.The mixture of soil and construction waste had the effect of improving plant water use efficiency.The water use efficiency of plants in high-content treatments of brick and concrete fragment was 32.8%and 24.3%higher than that of the control treatment.In conclusion,the mixing of construction waste with soil reduced the water content of the soil,inhibited the water consumption of the plant and improved the water use efficiency of the plant.It can be seen that construction waste effectively alleviates soil drought,which is of great significance to the efficient use of soil water in

关 键 词：建筑废弃物 耗水量 水分利用效率 含水量 土壤改良 园林绿化植物 

分 类 号：S278[农业科学—农业水土工程]