夏玉米12展叶期补灌的增产效应及其影响因素  

Yield-increasing Effect of Supplementary Irrigation at Summer Maize 12th Leaf Stage and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：吕丽华[1] 崔永增[1] 李谦[1] 姚艳荣[1] 黄冀楠 张经廷[1] 孟建 李明远 LÜLi-hua;CUI Yong-zeng;LI Qian;YAO Yan-rong;HUANG Ji-nan;ZHANG Jing-ting;MENH Jian;LI Ming-yuan(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production in Hebei Province/Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050035,China;Hebei Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]农业部华北地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/河北省作物栽培生理与绿色生产重点实验室/河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所,石家庄050035 [2]河北省农业技术推广总站,石家庄050000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第6期76-82,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-LYS-8)资助。

摘　　要：为制定华北地区夏玉米稳产节灌制度,研究了夏玉米长期不同施氮量及生育期降水对12展叶期补灌的增产效应。采用两因子裂区试验,灌水量为主区,设限水(W1)和适水(W2);施氮量为副区,纯氮分别为0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm^(2)。结果表明施氮水平明显影响12展叶期补灌增产效应,施氮量≤60 kg/hm^(2)土壤全氮和有机质含量从第2和第4年开始逐年下降,多数年份12展叶期补灌增产效应基本消失;施氮量≥120 kg/hm^(2)土壤养分含量升高或基本维持平衡,补灌的增产效应较大。12展叶期补灌的增产效应受播种-12展叶期有效降水量的影响,该时期降水量≥136 mm时,播前灌1次水即可维持较高的产量水平;降水量<136 mm时,12展叶期补灌可优化穗粒数和千粒重,增产效果显著。综合分析,夏玉米在灌溉播前水前提下,播种–12展叶期有效降水量可作为12展叶期灌水与否的重要决策依据。The objective of the study was to establish water-saving irrigation system and propose a standard of irrigation for summer maize in North China Plain.The effects of effective precipitation in maize growth duration on the yield-increasing efficiency of supplementary irrigation at 12th leaf stage were studied.The experiment was carried out with split plot design,the main plots were assigned with limited water(W1)and suitable water(W2),and the sub-plots were assigned with nitrogen application rate of 0,60,120,180,240 and 300 kg N/hm^(2),respectively.The results showed that the nitrogen application rate significantly affected the yield-increasing ratio of supplementary irrigation at the 12th leaf stage.The soil total N and organic matter content of treatments for 0 and 60 kg/hm^(2) declined gradually from the second and fourth years respectively,and no positive effect of W2 on yield was observed in most years.When the nitrogen application rate was≥120 kg/hm^(2),the soil nutrient content increased or basically maintained a balance,and the yield-increasing efficiency of supplementary irrigation was large.The yield-increasing effect of supplementary irrigation at the 12th leaf stage was influenced by the effective precipitation from sowing to 12th leaf stage.When the effective precipitation from sowing to 12th leaf stage was≥136 mm,irrigation once before sowing could maintain a high yield level.When the effective precipitation was<136 mm,supplementary irrigation at the 12th leaf stage could increase grain number per ear and 1000-grain weight,and the yield increasing effect was significant.In conclusion,under the condition of irrigation at pre-sowing,the effective precipitation from sowing to 12th leaf might be considered as an important criterion to determine the necessity of supplementary irrigation at the 12th leaf stage of summer maize in North China Plain.

关 键 词：华北平原 夏玉米 水氮耦合 灌溉策略 高产稳产 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S27