旱地农田壤中防渗对灌溉水水分利用率的影响  

Effect of Soil Anti-seepage on Irrigation Water Utilization Rate in Dryland Farmland

作　　者：朱浩勇 方竹玲 梁沥方 李宏昌 王延平[1,2] ZHU Hao-yong;FANG Zhu-ling;LIANG Li-fang;LI Hong-chang;WANG Yan-ping(College of Environment and Resource,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Fuping Modern Agriculture Comprehensive Experimental Station,Northwest A&F University,Fuping 711700,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学富平现代农业综合试验示范站,陕西富平711700

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第6期91-99,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571218);陕西省科技攻关项目(2021NY-204)。

摘　　要：在干旱半干旱地区,节水灌溉是农田增产的重要措施。为给壤中防渗措施在节水灌溉中应用提供理论依据。利用大型称重式蒸渗仪研究了两种防渗措施下冬小麦生育期灌溉水入渗再分布、蒸散、作物根系生长、产量和水分利用效率等。研究结果表明:在冬小麦生育期,采用壤中防渗措施能显著提高防渗层(0~40 cm)之上的土壤平均贮水量,壤中压实(C)和铺膜处理(P)分别比对照组(CK)提高6.8%和10.0%;明显提高蒸腾(T)在蒸散(ET)中的占比,促进作物对灌溉水的吸收利用;促进冬小麦根系生长发育,C和P处理0~100 cm根系生物量分别增加了10.4%和28.0%;C和P处理的产量分别比CK处理提高5.4%和18.3%,水分利用效率分别比对照提高0.94和3.19个百分点。在考虑环境因素的前提下,壤中压实防渗处理更适用于在西北旱地农业生产中应用。In arid and semi-arid areas,water-saving irrigation is an important measure to increase crop yield.In order to provide theoretical basis for the application of soil seepage control measures in water saving irrigation,in this paper,the infiltration redistribution,evapotranspiration,crop root growth,yield and water use efficiency of irrigation water during winter wheat growth period under two antiseepage measures were studied by using a large-scale weighing lysimeter.The results showed that during the growth period of winter wheat,the mean soil water storage above the impervious layer(0~40 cm)was significantly increased by soil compaction(C)and film treatment(P),which were 6.8%and 10.0%higher than that of the control group(CK),respectively.The proportion of transpiration(T)in evapotranspiration(ET)was significantly increased to promote the absorption and utilization of irrigation water by crops.The root biomass of 0~100 cm in C and P treatments increased by 10.4%and 28.0%,respectively.The yield of C and P treatments was 5.4%and 18.3%higher than that of CK treatment,and the WUE was 0.94%and 3.19%higher than that of CK treatment,respectively.Considering the environmental factors,soil compaction treatment is more suitable for dryland agricultural production in northwest China.

关 键 词：旱地农田 壤中防渗 壤中压实防渗 壤中铺膜防渗 灌溉水利用率 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]