河套灌区垄膜沟灌模式对春玉米田水热运移及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Ridge Mulched with Plastic Film-furrow Irrigation Mode on Water Heat Transport and Grain Yield in Spring Maize Field in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：吴旭斌 冯浩[2,3] 董勤各[2,3] 钟佳旺 赵鹏 WU Xu-bin;FENG Hao;DONG Qin-ge;ZHONG Jia-wang;ZHAO Peng(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第6期100-109,116,共11页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879224);国家“十四五”重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700)。

摘　　要：河套灌区降水稀少、昼夜温差大,早春温度偏低影响春玉米生长,为改善灌区春玉米水热环境,以不同覆膜与灌溉组合为研究对象,探究适宜的保墒增温和提质增效的覆膜灌溉耕作模式,为河套灌区水热资源的高效利用提供理论指导与技术支撑。试验布设4个处理:畦灌+不覆膜(CK)、畦灌+透明地膜覆盖(QB)、沟灌+透明地膜垄体覆盖(GB)、沟灌+黑色地膜垄体覆盖(GH),以探究不同覆膜灌溉方式下春玉米田土壤含水率和土壤温度变化规律、春玉米产量及水热资源利用效率。结果表明:垄膜沟灌可提高表层土壤含水率和根区储水量。播后61d,GH、GB和QB处理根区土壤储水量分别较CK增加36.01%、36.61%和21.37%,且垄膜沟灌显著高于覆膜畦灌。播后133 d,GH根区土壤储水量较CK和QB增加19.02%和17.40%。垄膜沟灌有效提高日均土壤温度,GB生育期日均土壤温度较QB和CK平均增加1.01℃和1.59℃,GH较QB和CK平均增加0.86℃和1.44℃。垄膜沟灌土壤有效积温显著高于畦灌处理,其中GB较QB和CK提高7.78%和16.70%;GH较QB提高6.26%,较CK提升14.46%。春玉米产量呈现出与百粒重结果相同的显著性差异,其中QB较CK提升16.19%,GB较QB提升13.64%,较CK提升32.04%。GB处理下水分利用效率(WUE)和土壤有效积温生产效率(TUE)较QB提升25.79%和5.41%,较CK提升45.69%和13.66%。GB可有效提升根区土壤储水量及温度,改善春玉米水热资源利用效率,提高籽粒产量。综上,建议在内蒙古河套灌区推行沟灌+透明地膜垄体覆盖技术,以提高春玉米产量及水热资源利用效率。The precipitation in Hetao irrigation district(HID)is scarce,the temperature difference between day and night is large,and the low temperature in early spring affects the growth of spring maize.In this study,different combinations of mulching and irrigation were used as research objects to explore suitable mulching farming modes for moisture retention and warming,quality and efficiency,so as to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient utilization of hydrothermal resources in HID.Four treatments were tested:irrigation+no mulching(CK),irrigation+transparent plastic film mulching(QB),ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation+transparent plastic film mulching(GB),ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation+black plastic film mulching(GH),in order to explore the soil moisture content and soil temperature variation law,spring maize yield and water and heat resource utilization efficiency of spring maize field under different mulching irrigation methods.The results showed that ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation could improve the water content of topsoil and the water storage in the root zone.61 days after sowing,the soil water storage in the root zone treated with GH,GB and QB increased by 36.01%,36.61%and 21.37%,respectively,compared with CK,and the ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation was significantly higher than that of mulching furrow irrigation.133 days after planting,the soil water storage in GH root zone increased by 19.02%and 17.40%compared with CK and QB.Ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation effectively increased the average daily soil temperature,and the average daily soil temperature during the GB growth period increased by 1.01°C and 1.59°C compared with QB and CK,and the GH increased by 0.86°C and 1.44°C compared with QB and CK.The effective accumulated soil temperature of ridge mulched with plastic film-furrow irrigation was significantly higher than that of furrow irrigation,and GB was increased by 7.78%and 16.70%compar

关 键 词：耕作模式 灌溉方式 垄膜沟灌 水热特性 保墒增温 根区土壤储水量 土壤有效积温 春玉米产量 水热利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S274