微生物介导的农业土壤氧化亚氮减排研究进展  

Research Progress on Microbial-Mediated Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Soils

作　　者：申卫收 熊若男 张欢欢 杨思琪 高南 SHEN Weishou;XIONG Ruonan;ZHANG Huanhuan;YANG Siqi;GAO Nan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control in Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Tech University/National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology,Nanjing 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院/国家生化工程技术研究中心,南京211816

出　　处：《土壤学报》2023年第2期332-344,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771291,31972503);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010291176Y)资助。

摘　　要：氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)是一种在大气存留时间长且破坏臭氧层的重要温室气体。农业土壤源N_(2)O是其重要来源,具有产生路径广、影响因素多、调控复杂等特点。减少农业土壤N_(2)O排放一直是研究的热点。含有N_(2)O还原酶的N_(2)O还原细菌能将N_(2)O还原为氮气(N_(2)),这是目前已知的微生物还原N_(2)O唯一的汇。直接应用微生物减少农业土壤N_(2)O排放是一种新兴的减排技术。本文详细阐述了农业土壤N_(2)O的生物源与汇,重点论述了N_(2)O减排微生物的筛选及应用策略。综述了微生物介导的农业土壤N_(2)O减排的两种微生物生态学机制:一种是利用含有nosZ基因的N_(2)O还原细菌直接减少N_(2)O排放,另一种是利用能改变N_(2)O还原细菌群落组成和丰度及其活性的植物根际促生菌间接减少N_(2)O排放。最后,讨论了影响微生物介导的农业土壤N_(2)O减排的环境因素及可能存在的问题,并对该技术在减少农业土壤N_(2)O排放中的应用进行展望。本文可为我国实现农业碳中和的战略目标提供重要技术参考。Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),an important greenhouse gas,has a global warming potential of 265 times higher than that of an equivalent concentration of carbon dioxide.The N_(2)O has a long atmospheric lifetime and does deplete the ozone layer in the stratosphere.Agricultural soil is an important source of N_(2)O,which has a characteristic of diverse generation paths,multiple impact factors,and complicated regulation processes.Mitigation of N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils has long been the hotspot of research in this field.N_(2)O-reducing bacteria harboring N_(2)O reductase can reduce N_(2)O to dinitrogen(N_(2)),which is the only known sink of N_(2)O consumption as a primary substrate in the biosphere.The direct use of microorganisms to decrease N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils is an emerging technology.We elaborated on the biological sources and sinks of N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils in detail,paying special emphasis on the screening and application strategies of microorganisms that can mitigate N_(2)O emissions.There are three strategies for the direct use of microorganisms to decrease N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils:(1)application of the prepared microbial inoculum directly to the agricultural soil;(2)combination of the prepared microbial inoculum with fertilizers or other carriers before being applied to the soil;(3)construction of the microbial community with N_(2)O mitigation effect,and then direct application to the soil or in combination with a carrier before being applied to the soil.We summarized two ecological mechanisms of microbial-mediated mitigation of N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils.One mechanism involved employing N_(2)O-reducing bacteria containing nosZ gene to directly convert N_(2)O to N_(2)in order to mitigate N_(2)O emissions from agricultural soils.The other mechanism utilizes plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to alter the community composition,abundance and activity of the N_(2)O-reducing bacteria and indirectly mitigate N_(2)O emissions from agricu

关 键 词：氧化亚氮 nosZ基因 氧化亚氮还原细菌 植物根际促生菌 农业土壤 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]